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Smell as evidence of disease has been long used, dating back to Hippocrates around 400 years BCE. [1] It is still employed with a focus on volatile organic compounds (VOCs) found in body odor. [ 2 ] VOCs are carbon-based molecular groups having a low molecular weight, secreted during cells' metabolic processes. [ 3 ]
Body odor, however, can be used as an indication for disease. For example, typically, human urine contains 95% water, [41] however, for a person with an abnormal amount of blood sugar, their urine becomes more concentrated with glucose. [42] Therefore, if a person's body odor or urine smells unusually fruity or sweet, that can be a sign of ...
Sickle cell disease is a group of inherited blood disorders, caused by a genetic abnormality in the oxygen-carrying protein haemoglobin found in red blood cells. [57] Under certain circumstances, this leads to the red blood cells adopting an abnormal sickle -like shape; with this shape, they are unable to deform as they pass through capillaries ...
Blood for blood transfusion is screened for many blood-borne diseases. Additionally, a technique that uses a combination of riboflavin and UV light to inhibit the replication of these pathogens by altering their nucleic acids can be used to treat blood components prior to their transfusion, and can reduce the risk of disease transmission.
Trimethylaminuria (TMAU), also known as fish odor syndrome or fish malodor syndrome, [1] is a rare metabolic disorder that causes a defect in the normal production of an enzyme named flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3).
Dysosmia is a disorder described as any qualitative alteration or distortion of the perception of smell. [1] Qualitative alterations differ from quantitative alterations, which include anosmia and hyposmia. [2] Dysosmia can be classified as either parosmia (also called troposmia) or phantosmia. Parosmia is a distortion in the perception of an ...
Experiments have involved a wide range of parasites, diseases, and hosts. The effects on humans have been of special interest. The tendency of many parasitic worms to pacify the host's immune response allows them to mollify some diseases, while worsening others. [1]
Septicemic plague is a systemic disease involving infection of the blood and is most commonly spread by bites from infected fleas. Septicemic plague can cause disseminated intravascular coagulation and is always fatal when untreated. The other varieties of the plague are bubonic plague and pneumonic plague. [1]