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Racial diversity in United States schools is the representation of different racial or ethnic groups in American schools. The institutional practice of slavery , and later segregation , in the United States prevented certain racial groups from entering the school system until midway through the 20th century, when Brown v.
The sociology of race and ethnic relations is the study of social, political, and economic relations between races and ethnicities at all levels of society.This area encompasses the study of systemic racism, like residential segregation and other complex social processes between different racial and ethnic groups.
Ethnic studies, in the United States, is the interdisciplinary study of difference—chiefly race, ethnicity, and nation, but also sexuality, gender, and other such markings—and power, as expressed by the state, by civil society, and by individuals. Its antecedents came before the civil rights era, as early as the 1900s.
As of 2002, over 20 American law schools and at least three non-American law schools offered critical race theory courses or classes. [134] Critical race theory is also applied in the fields of education, political science, women's studies, ethnic studies, communication, sociology, and American studies. Other movements developed that apply ...
Oppositional culture, also known as the "blocked opportunities framework" or the "caste theory of education", is a term most commonly used in studying the sociology of education to explain racial disparities in educational achievement, particularly between white and black Americans.
It is supported by the American Educational Research Association's Critical Examination of Race, Ethnicity, Class and Gender in Education Special Interest Group, as well as by the British Educational Research Association's ’Race’ Ethnicity and Education Special Interest Group. [1] The editor-in-chief is David Gillborn (UCL Institute of ...
White Party, White Government: Race, Class, and U.S. Politics (Routledge, 2012) [11] Racial and Ethnic Relations with Clairece Booher Feagin (9th ed.; Prentice-Hall, 2011) [ 12 ] How the United States Racializes Latinos: White Hegemony and its Consequences edited, with José A. Cobas and Jorge Duany (Paradigm Books, 2009)
William E. Cross Jr. (1940 - December 5, 2024) was a theorist and researcher in the field of ethnic identity development, specifically Black identity development. [1] He is best known for his nigrescence model, first detailed in a 1971 publication, and his book, Shades of Black, published in 1991.