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A rotating frame of reference is a special case of a non-inertial reference frame that is rotating relative to an inertial reference frame. An everyday example of a rotating reference frame is the surface of the Earth. (This article considers only frames rotating about a fixed axis. For more general rotations, see Euler angles.)
X4: Foundations is a space trading and combat game developed and published by Egosoft. It is the seventh and most recent installment in the X series, following X Rebirth ( 2013 ). The game runs on Linux and Microsoft Windows .
In a rotating frame, Coriolis and centrifugal forces must be introduced to predict the observed tension. In the rotating reference frame perceived on the surface of the Earth, a centrifugal force reduces the apparent force of gravity by about one part in a thousand, depending on latitude. This reduction is zero at the poles, maximum at the equator.
The direct-quadrature-zero (DQZ, DQ0 [1] or DQO, [2] sometimes lowercase) transformation or zero-direct-quadrature [3] (0DQ or ODQ, sometimes lowercase) transformation is a tensor that rotates the reference frame of a three-element vector or a three-by-three element matrix in an effort to simplify analysis.
Artificial gravity space station. 1969 NASA concept. A drawback is that the astronauts would be moving between higher gravity near the ends and lower gravity near the center. In the context of a rotating space station, it is the radial force provided by the spacecraft's hull that acts as centripetal force.
For any inertial frame, the Coriolis force and the centrifugal force disappear, so application of the principle of special relativity would identify these frames where the forces disappear as sharing the same and the simplest physical laws, and hence rule that the rotating frame is not an inertial frame.
One may instead change to a coordinate frame fixed in the rotating body, in which the moment of inertia tensor is constant. Using a reference frame such as that at the center of mass, the frame's position drops out of the equations. In any rotating reference frame, the time derivative must be replaced so that the equation becomes
In classical mechanics, the Euler force is the fictitious tangential force [1] that appears when a non-uniformly rotating reference frame is used for analysis of motion and there is variation in the angular velocity of the reference frame's axes.