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1 March 1982 Orbital Space Station: Soyuz T-5, Salyut 7: First species of plant to flower in space. [65] Arabidopsis thaliana Valentin Lebedev. USSR 1 July 1982 Trans-Neptunian region: Pioneer 10: First to travel past the orbit of Neptune, the furthest major planet from the Sun. USA 13 June 1983 Venus: Vega 1: First helium balloon atmospheric ...
Separation distance Typical phase duration Drift Orbit A (out of sight, out of contact) >2 λ max [note 1] 1 to 20 days Drift Orbit B (in sight, in contact) 2 λ max to 1 kilometer (3,300 ft) 1 to 5 days Proximity Operations A: 1,000–100 meters (3,280–330 ft) 1 to 5 orbits Proximity Operations B: 100–10 meters (328–33 ft) 45 – 90 ...
After the name, denotes sub-orbital space travellers who have flown into orbit on a subsequent space flight. After the name, denotes space travellers who have flown to the Moon without landing. After the name, denotes space travellers who have walked on the Moon. ‡ After the name, denotes those who died during their first spaceflight. [nb 1] †
Sub-orbital space flights, being at a much lower speed, do not generate anywhere near as much [further explanation needed] heat upon re-entry. Even if the orbiting objects are expendable, most [ quantify ] space authorities [ example needed ] are pushing toward controlled re-entries to minimize hazard to lives and property on the planet.
Spaceflight (or space flight) is an application of astronautics to fly objects, usually spacecraft, into or through outer space, either with or without humans on board.Most spaceflight is uncrewed and conducted mainly with spacecraft such as satellites in orbit around Earth, but also includes space probes for flights beyond Earth orbit.
Notable test flights of spaceflight systems may be listed even if they were not planned to reach space. Some lists are further divided into orbital launches (sending a payload into orbit, whether successful or not) and suborbital flights (e.g. ballistic missiles, sounding rockets, experimental spacecraft).
Cosmonaut Valeri Polyakov looks out space station Mir's window during his 438-day flight in 1994–1995. Timeline of longest spaceflights is a chronology of the longest spaceflights. Many of the first flights set records measured in hours and days, the space station missions of the 1970s and 1980s pushed this to weeks and months, and by the ...
The Chang'e 5 successfully landed on the surface of the Moon in 2020. [13] 16 September 2021, SpaceX launched Inspiration4. It was the first orbital launch of an all-private crew, including the first person with a prosthesis who was also the youngest person in space (aged 29).