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These differences are interpreted as a kind of bias. Mathematically, the spectrum bias is a sampling bias and not a traditional statistical bias; this has led some authors to refer to the phenomenon as spectrum effects, [3] whilst others maintain it is a bias if the true performance of the test differs from that which is 'expected'. [2]
This phenomenon is referred to as the frequency principle (F-Principle) by Zhi-Qin John Xu et al. [1] [2] or spectral bias by Nasim Rahaman et al. [3] The F-Principle can be robustly observed in DNNs, regardless of overparametrization. A key mechanism of the F-Principle is that the regularity of the activation function translates into the decay ...
Spectrum bias arises from evaluating diagnostic tests on biased patient samples, leading to an overestimate of the sensitivity and specificity of the test. For example, a high prevalence of disease in a study population increases positive predictive values, which will cause a bias between the prediction values and the real ones. [4]
Research shows that Wikipedia is prone to neutrality violations caused by bias from its editors, including systemic bias. [7] [8] A comprehensive study conducted on ten different versions of Wikipedia revealed that disputes among editors predominantly arise on the subject of politics, encompassing politicians, political parties, political movements, and ideologies.
The Indonesian Wikipedia (Indonesian: Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, WBI for short) is the Indonesian language edition of Wikipedia. It is the fifth-fastest-growing Asian-language Wikipedia after the Japanese, Chinese, Korean, and Turkish language Wikipedias. It ranks 25th in terms of depth among Wikipedias.
Bahasa Indonesia; Монгол ... Algorithmic bias describes ... 572 The ability of such algorithms to recognize faces across a racial spectrum has been shown to ...
Attrition bias is a kind of selection bias caused by attrition (loss of participants), [13] discounting trial subjects/tests that did not run to completion. It is closely related to the survivorship bias , where only the subjects that "survived" a process are included in the analysis or the failure bias , where only the subjects that "failed" a ...
Several studies on internet geography and Wikipedia were published by the members of the Oxford Internet Institute (OII).. A 2009 article by Mark Graham of OII in The Guardian presented a color-coded map of the world that illustrated the disparity between the numbers of geotagged Wikipedia articles (in all languages) for countries from the Global North and from the Global South.