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The crude death rate is defined as "the mortality rate from all causes of death for a population," calculated as the "total number of deaths during a given time interval" divided by the "mid-interval population", per 1,000 or 100,000; for instance, the population of the United States was around 290,810,000 in 2003, and in that year, approximately 2,419,900 deaths occurred in total, giving a ...
Incidence is usually more useful than prevalence in understanding the disease etiology: for example, if the incidence rate of a disease in a population increases, then there is a risk factor that promotes the incidence.
A case fatality ratio is a comparison between two different case fatality rates, expressed as a ratio. It is used to compare the severity of different diseases or to assess the impact of interventions. [6] Because the CFR is not an incidence rate by not measuring frequency, some authors note that a more appropriate term is case fatality ...
In survival analysis, the hazard ratio (HR) is the ratio of the hazard rates corresponding to the conditions characterised by two distinct levels of a treatment variable of interest. For example, in a clinical study of a drug, the treated population may die at twice the rate of the control population.
Mathematically, it is the incidence rate of the outcome in the exposed group, , divided by the rate of the unexposed group, . [3] As such, it is used to compare the risk of an adverse outcome when receiving a medical treatment versus no treatment (or placebo), or for environmental risk factors.
In epidemiology, a rate ratio, sometimes called an incidence density ratio or incidence rate ratio, is a relative difference measure used to compare the incidence rates of events occurring at any given point in time. It is defined as:
Standardized mortality rate tells how many persons, per thousand of the population, will die in a given year and what the causes of death will be. Such statistics have many uses: [citation needed] Life insurance companies periodically update their premiums based on the mortality rate, adjusted for age.
Vital rates refer to how fast vital statistics change in a population (usually measured per 1000 individuals). There are 2 categories within vital rates: crude rates and refined rates . Crude rates measure vital statistics in a general population (overall change in births and deaths per 1000).