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Marion Downs (January 26, 1914 – November 13, 2014) [1] was an American audiologist and professor emerita at the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center in Denver. She pioneered universal newborn hearing screening in the early 1960s and spent over 30 years advocating for its adoption in hospitals, as well as for the provision of hearing aids to infants displaying hearing loss. [2]
In 2014 to 2019 the International Newborn and Infant Hearing Screening (NIHS) Group asked via questionnaire for the status of the hearing screening in 196 states worldwide; data from 158 states were obtained: in 64 states there is no or less screening (38% of the world's population); in 41 states (38% of the world's population) >85% of the ...
If possible, though costly, an effective way to reduce background noise is through the use of a mobile hearing screening facility. Examples of such a facility include the use of a 4x4 vehicles in the HARK Project of South Africa (Ogilvy & Michelson, 2003 [45]). These facilities incorporate a sound-treated environment for hearing screening.
Newborn screening programs initially used screening criteria based largely on criteria established by JMG Wilson and F. Jungner in 1968. [6] Although not specifically about newborn population screening programs, their publication, Principles and practice of screening for disease proposed ten criteria that screening programs should meet before being used as a public health measure.
They also help design and implement personal and industrial hearing safety programs, newborn hearing screening programs, [6] school hearing screening programs, and provide special or custom fitted ear plugs and other hearing protection devices to help prevent hearing loss.
The Newborn and Infant Screening and Intervention Program Act was authored and sponsored, mainly, by Walsh in 1999. [ 8 ] [ 11 ] On March 11, 2009, the act was renamed as the James T. Walsh Universal Newborn Hearing Screening Program, [ 6 ] and was identified within 42 United States Code 280g-1 . [ 6 ]
A hearing test provides an evaluation of the sensitivity of a person's sense of hearing and is most often performed by an audiologist using an audiometer. An audiometer is used to determine a person's hearing sensitivity at different frequencies. There are other hearing tests as well, e.g., Weber test and Rinne test.
A healthcare technician is a health professional that provides care to patients. [1] Healthcare technicians' primary position is to assist medical staff complete tasks around their assigned unit or clinic's and accommodate patient needs.