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The term "social Darwinism" first appeared in Europe in 1880, and journalist Emilie Gautier had coined the term with reference to a health conference in Berlin 1877. [16] Around 1900 it was used by sociologists, some being opposed to the concept. [19] The American historian Richard Hofstadter popularized the term in the United States in 1944 ...
Social Darwinism in European and American Thought, 1860–1945 (ISBN 052157434X) is a book by Mike Hawkins published in 1997 on social darwinism. [1] [2] It deals with the rise of Charles Darwin's ideas and their applications to the individual and society following the publication of The Origin of Species.
Because social evolution was posited as a scientific theory, it was often used to support unjust and often racist social practices – particularly colonialism, slavery, and the unequal economic conditions present within industrialized Europe. Social Darwinism is especially criticised, as it purportedly led to some philosophies used by the Nazis.
Cultural evolution is an evolutionary theory of social change.It follows from the definition of culture as "information capable of affecting individuals' behavior that they acquire from other members of their species through teaching, imitation and other forms of social transmission". [1]
The theory of evolution by natural selection has also been adopted as a foundation for various ethical and social systems, such as social Darwinism, an idea that preceded the publication of The Origin of Species, popular in the 19th century, which holds that "the survival of the fittest" (a phrase coined in 1851 by Herbert Spencer, [1] 8 years before Darwin published his theory of evolution ...
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Social Darwinism is the theory "that human groups and races are subject to the same laws of natural selection as Charles Darwin had perceived in plants and animals in nature." [ 168 ] According to numerous historians, an important ideological component of German nationalism as developed by the intellectual elite was Social Darwinism . [ 169 ]
A map of Europe as it appeared in 1815 after the Congress of Vienna. This article gives a detailed listing of all the countries, including puppet states, that have existed in Europe since the Congress of Vienna in 1815 to the present day. Each country has information separated into columns: name of the distinct country, its lifespan, the ...