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In philosophy, political science and sociology, elite theory is a theory of the state that seeks to describe and explain power relations in society.In its contemporary form in the 21st century, elite theory posits that (1) power in larger societies, especially nation-states, is concentrated at the top in relatively small elites; (2) power "flows predominantly in a top-down direction from ...
It denotes simply "a class of the people who have the highest indices [disambiguation needed] in their branch of activity." Pareto argues that "It will help if we further divide the elite class into two categories: a Governing elite , comprising individuals who directly or indirectly play some considerable part in government , and a Non ...
The natural aristocracy is a concept developed by Thomas Jefferson in 1813 which describes a political elite that derives its power from talent and virtue (or merit). He distinguishes this from traditional aristocracies, which he refers to as the artificial aristocracy, a ruling elite that derives its power solely from inherited status, or wealth and birth.
In sociology and organizational studies, institutional theory is a theory on the deeper and more resilient aspects of social structure. It considers the processes by which structures, including schemes, rules, norms, and routines, become established as authoritative guidelines for social behavior. [1]
Institutions and economic development In the context of institutions and how they are formed, North suggests that institutions ultimately work to provide social structure in society and to incentivize individuals who abide by this structure. North explains that there is in fact a difference between institutions and organizations and that ...
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An authoritarian regime has "a concentration of power in a leader or an elite not constitutionally responsible to the people". [73] Unlike totalitarian states, they will allow social and economic institutions not under governmental control, [74] and tend to rely on passive mass acceptance rather than active popular support. [75]
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