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Python: Only on Linux No Yes No Yes Yes Keras: François Chollet 2015 MIT license: Yes Linux, macOS, Windows: Python: Python, R: Only if using Theano as backend Can use Theano, Tensorflow or PlaidML as backends Yes No Yes Yes [20] Yes Yes No [21] Yes [22] Yes MATLAB + Deep Learning Toolbox (formally Neural Network Toolbox) MathWorks: 1992 ...
PyTorch, an open-source Tensor and Dynamic neural network in Python. [84] TensorFlow, an open-source software library for machine learning. [85] Theano, a Python library and optimizing compiler for manipulating and evaluating mathematical expressions, especially matrix-valued ones. [86]
TensorFlow is a software library for machine learning and artificial intelligence. It can be used across a range of tasks, but is used mainly for training and inference of neural networks . [ 3 ] [ 4 ] It is one of the most popular deep learning frameworks, alongside others such as PyTorch and PaddlePaddle.
Theano is an open source project [3] primarily developed by the Montreal Institute for Learning Algorithms (MILA) at the Université de Montréal. [4]The name of the software references the ancient philosopher Theano, long associated with the development of the golden mean.
Keras is an open-source library that provides a Python interface for artificial neural networks. Keras was first independent software, then integrated into the TensorFlow library, and later supporting more. "Keras 3 is a full rewrite of Keras [and can be used] as a low-level cross-framework language to develop custom components such as layers ...
JAX is a machine learning framework for transforming numerical functions developed by Google with some contributions from Nvidia. [2] [3] [4] It is described as bringing together a modified version of autograd (automatic obtaining of the gradient function through differentiation of a function) and OpenXLA's XLA (Accelerated Linear Algebra).
Deeplearning4j is open-source software released under Apache License 2.0, [6] developed mainly by a machine learning group headquartered in San Francisco. [7] It is supported commercially by the startup Skymind, which bundles DL4J, TensorFlow, Keras and other deep learning libraries in an enterprise distribution called the Skymind Intelligence ...
CuPy has been initially developed as a backend of Chainer deep learning framework, and later established as an independent project in 2017. [ 6 ] CuPy is a part of the NumPy ecosystem array libraries [ 7 ] and is widely adopted to utilize GPU with Python, [ 8 ] especially in high-performance computing environments such as Summit , [ 9 ...