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Overfilling a buffer on the stack is more likely to derail program execution than overfilling a buffer on the heap because the stack contains the return addresses for all active function calls. A stack buffer overflow can be caused deliberately as part of an attack known as stack smashing.
Other variants, called dynamic or mutable sets, allow also the insertion and deletion of elements from the set. A multiset is a special kind of set in which an element can appear multiple times in the set.
File exists EXDEV: 18: Invalid cross-device link ENODEV: 19: No such device ENOTDIR: 20: Not a directory EISDIR: 21: Is a directory EINVAL: 22: Invalid argument ENFILE: 23: Too many open files in system EMFILE: 24: Too many open files ENOTTY: 25: Inappropriate ioctl for device ETXTBSY: 26: Text file busy EFBIG: 27: File too large ENOSPC: 28: No ...
A message like "file upload complete" is a string that software shows to end users. In the program's source code, this message would likely appear as a string literal. User-entered text, like "I got a new job today" as a status update on a social media service. Instead of a string literal, the software would likely store this string in a database.
store intrinsic state that is invariant, context-independent and shareable (for example, the code of character 'A' in a given character set) provide an interface for passing in extrinsic state that is variant, context-dependent and can't be shared (for example, the position of character 'A' in a text document)
In C and C++, volatile is a type qualifier, like const, and is a part of a type (e.g. the type of a variable or field). The behavior of the volatile keyword in C and C++ is sometimes given in terms of suppressing optimizations of an optimizing compiler: 1- don't remove existing volatile reads and writes, 2- don't add new volatile reads and writes, and 3- don't reorder volatile reads and writes.
The C programming language provides many standard library functions for file input and output.These functions make up the bulk of the C standard library header <stdio.h>. [1] The functionality descends from a "portable I/O package" written by Mike Lesk at Bell Labs in the early 1970s, [2] and officially became part of the Unix operating system in Version 7.
MessagePack is more compact than JSON, but imposes limitations on array and integer sizes.On the other hand, it allows binary data and non-UTF-8 encoded strings. In JSON, map keys have to be strings, but in MessagePack there is no such limitation and any type can be a map key, including types like maps and arrays, and, like YAML, numbers.