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A modern dialect of APL, enhanced with features for functional and object-oriented programming. Euler Math Toolbox: René Grothmann 1987 1988 2022-02-10 10 February 2022: Free GPL: Also a computer algebra system through interface with Maxima: Fityk: Marcin Wojdyr 2002 1.3.1 19 December 2016: $115 (1.x binaries), Free (source code and 0.x ...
Formally, let S and T be finite sets and let F = {f: S → T} be a class of functions. A distribution D over S is ε- pseudorandom against F if for every f in F , the statistical distance between the distributions f ( X ) {\displaystyle f(X)} and f ( Y ) {\displaystyle f(Y)} , where X {\displaystyle X} is sampled from D and Y {\displaystyle Y ...
MATLAB (an abbreviation of "MATrix LABoratory" [22]) is a proprietary multi-paradigm programming language and numeric computing environment developed by MathWorks.MATLAB allows matrix manipulations, plotting of functions and data, implementation of algorithms, creation of user interfaces, and interfacing with programs written in other languages.
A pseudorandom number generator (PRNG), also known as a deterministic random bit generator (DRBG), [1] is an algorithm for generating a sequence of numbers whose properties approximate the properties of sequences of random numbers.
A randomized algorithm is an algorithm that employs a degree of randomness as part of its logic or procedure. The algorithm typically uses uniformly random bits as an auxiliary input to guide its behavior, in the hope of achieving good performance in the "average case" over all possible choices of random determined by the random bits; thus either the running time, or the output (or both) are ...
Example clusterings for a dataset with the kMeans (left) and Mean shift (right) algorithms. The calculated Adjusted Rand index for these two clusterings is . The Rand index [1] or Rand measure (named after William M. Rand) in statistics, and in particular in data clustering, is a measure of the similarity between two data clusterings.
In object-oriented programming, a class defines the shared aspects of objects created from the class. The capabilities of a class differ between programming languages , but generally the shared aspects consist of state ( variables ) and behavior ( methods ) that are each either associated with a particular object or with all objects of that class.
For example, consider a supermarket with 1000 products and two customers. The basket of the first customer contains salt and pepper and the basket of the second contains salt and sugar. In this scenario, the similarity between the two baskets as measured by the Jaccard index would be 1/3, but the similarity becomes 0.998 using the SMC.