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ICAO Doc 4444 requires that radar systems should provide for the display of safety-related alerts including the presentation of minimum safe altitude warning. [2] The radar equipment predicts an aircraft’s position in 2 minutes based on present path of flight, and the controller issues a safety alert if the projected path encounters terrain or an obstruction.
VFR requires a pilot to be able to see outside the cockpit to control the aircraft's altitude, navigate, and avoid obstacles and other aircraft. [3] Governing agencies establish specific requirements for VFR flight, including minimum visibility, and distance from clouds, to ensure that aircraft operating under VFR are visible from enough distance to ensure safety.
In addition to STCA, other ground-based safety net functions are typically implemented to support the ATCO. These in include Minimum safe altitude warning (MSAW); and; Area proximity warning (APW), sometimes also called danger area infringement warning (DAIW). The equivalent system on board an aircraft is TCAS. This system alerts pilots to ...
minimum safe altitude / minimum sector altitude MSD Minimum Stabilization Distance MSDS Material Safety Data Sheet MSG Message: MSL mean sea level: MSLW Max. Structural Landing Weight MSP Modes S-Specific Protocol MSSS Mode S-Specific Services MSTOW Max. Structural Take-off Weight MSZFW Max. Structural Zero Fuel Weight MTBF Mean time between ...
The pilot descended below the prescribed minimum altitude during approach and struck terrain. May 30, 1947 53 0 0 Eastern Air Lines Flight 605: near Bainbridge: Maryland: Douglas C-54 Skymaster: The aircraft suddenly lost control for undetermined reasons. May 29, 1947 43 5 5 United Airlines Flight 521: Queens, New York City: New York: Douglas DC-4
The rule affected only those aircraft operating under IFR when in level flight above 3,000 ft above mean sea level, or above the appropriate transition altitude, whichever is the higher, and when below FL195 (19,500 ft above the 1013.2 hPa datum in the UK, or with the altimeter set according to the system published by the competent authority in ...
The decompression also ruptured all four hydraulic lines which controlled the aircraft's mechanical flight controls. The pilots were able to continue flying the aircraft with very limited control, but after 32 minutes the aircraft crashed into a mountain, killing 520 of the 524 people aboard in the deadliest single aircraft disaster in history ...
In aviation (particularly in air navigation), lowest safe altitude (LSALT) is an altitude that is at least 500 feet above any obstacle or terrain within a defined safety buffer region around a particular route that a pilot might fly. The safety buffer allows for errors in the air by including an additional area that a pilot might stray into by ...