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[4] [5] In contrast, Islam teaches that God does not share divine attributes with anyone, as it is disallowed according to the Islamic doctrine of tawhid. [6] [7] The Quran, the central religious text of Islam, states in 4:48 that God will not forgive shirk if one dies without repenting of it. [8] [7] [9] The one who commits shirk is called a ...
Polytheism is the belief in or worship of more than one god. [1] [2] [3] According to Oxford Reference, it is not easy to count gods, and so not always obvious whether an apparently polytheistic religion, such as Chinese Folk Religions, is really so, or whether the apparent different objects of worship are to be thought of as manifestations of a singular divinity. [1]
According to the Encyclopædia Britannica, "there is no evidence that a true ḥanīf cult existed in pre-Islamic Arabia." [13] [additional citation(s) needed]A Greek source from the 5th century CE, The Ecclesiastical History of Sozomen, speaks of how "Abraham had bequeathed a monotheist religion" to the Arabs, who are described being descended "from Ishmael and Hagar" and adhering to certain ...
Deities formed a part of the polytheistic religious beliefs in pre-Islamic Arabia, with many of the deities' names known. [1] Up until about the time between the fourth century AD and the emergence of Islam, polytheism was the dominant form of religion in Arabia. Deities represented the forces of nature, love, death, and so on, and were ...
(literally 'religion') the way of life based on Islamic revelation; the sum total of a Muslim's faith and practice. Dīn is often used to mean the faith and religion of Islam. Diyyah (دية) "blood money", recompense for loss of a life. Div (دیو) "demon", hideous creatures in Muslim beliefs. Duʿāʾ (دعاء) personal prayer, supplication
Muslim sources regarding Arabian polytheism include the eighth-century Book of Idols by Hisham ibn al-Kalbi, which F.E. Peters argued to be the most substantial treatment of the religious practices of pre-Islamic Arabia, [10] as well as the writings of the Yemeni historian al-Hasan al-Hamdani on South Arabian religious beliefs. [11]
In the pre-Islamic Arabian religion, deities, jinn, angels, and demons are not clearly distinguished and shade into another. [90] [91] Several angels in the Quran function as personified meteorological phenomena, and may root in polytheistic animistic beliefs. [92]
The avoidance of idolatry is the main concern of the restrictions on images, and as a result, the traditional form for the religious cult image, the free-standing sculpture, is extremely rare, though examples of freestanding human sculpture do occur in Umayyad Syria and in Seljuk Iran. [17]