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An orbital blowout fracture is a traumatic deformity of the orbital floor or medial wall that typically results from the impact of a blunt object larger than the orbital aperture, or eye socket. [1] Most commonly this results in a herniation of orbital contents through the orbital fractures. [ 1 ]
The zygomaticomaxillary complex fracture, also known as a quadripod fracture, quadramalar fracture, and formerly referred to as a tripod fracture or trimalar fracture, has four components, three of which are directly related to connections between the zygoma and the face, and the fourth being the orbital floor.
The floor (inferior wall) is formed by the orbital surface of maxilla, the orbital surface of zygomatic bone and the minute orbital process of palatine bone. Medially, near the orbital margin, is located the groove for nasolacrimal duct. Near the middle of the floor, located infraorbital groove, which leads to the infraorbital foramen.
Möbius (left) and Hückel (right) orbital arrays. The two orbital arrays in Figure 3 are just examples and do not correspond to real systems. In inspecting the Möbius one on the left, plus–minus overlaps are seen between orbital pairs 2-3, 3-4, 4-5, 5-6, and 6-1, corresponding to an odd number (5), as required by a Möbius system.
The infratemporal fossa is an irregularly shaped cavity that is a part of the skull.It is situated below and medial to the zygomatic arch.It is not fully enclosed by bone in all directions.
The Orbital Fascia forms the periosteum of the orbit. It is loosely connected to the bones and can be readily separated from them. Behind, it is united with the dura mater by processes which pass through the optic foramen and superior orbital fissure , and with the sheath of the optic nerve.
The bifurcation diagram shows the forking of the periods of stable orbits from 1 to 2 to 4 to 8 etc. Each of these bifurcation points is a period-doubling bifurcation . The ratio of the lengths of successive intervals between values of r for which bifurcation occurs converges to the first Feigenbaum constant .
Orbital x-ray or orbital radiography is an x-ray of ... Two other important views are the Water's view which helps visualise the anterior orbital floor and maxillary ...