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As a result, their self-esteem fluctuates a lot. They tend to be self-conscious and passive, but also prone to outbursts of potentially violent aggression if their inflated self-image is threatened." [ 22 ] Richard Boyatzis says this is an unproductive form of expression of emotions that the person cannot share constructively, which reflects ...
The National Association for Self-Esteem (NASE) is an American organization devoted to promoting the importance of self-esteem.The organization describes its purpose as "to fully integrate self-esteem into the fabric of American society so that every individual, no matter what their age or background, experiences personal worth and happiness."
Psychologists usually regard self-esteem as an enduring personality characteristic (trait self-esteem), though normal, short-term variations (state self-esteem) also exist. Synonyms or near-synonyms of self-esteem include: self-worth, [ 9 ] self-regard, [ 10 ] self-respect, [ 11 ] [ 12 ] and self-integrity.
Reviving Ophelia: Saving the Selves of Adolescent Girls is a 1994 book written by Mary Pipher.This book examines the effects of societal pressures on American adolescent girls, and utilizes many case studies from the author's experience as a therapist. [1]
It uses a scale of 0–30, where a score less than 15 may indicate problematic low self-esteem. [2] Although the instrument was developed for use with adolescents, it has been widely used in research on adults. [3] [4] The RSES is designed similar to the social-survey questionnaires.
[9] [11] [5]: 3 His ideas informed some adventure therapy programs. This period also saw the creation of Outward Bound in the 1940s by Kurt Hahn. [5] Outward Bound was a direct response to Lawrence Holt, part-owner of the Blue Funnel Shipping Company, who was looking for a training program for young sailors.
A self-serving bias is any cognitive or perceptual process that is distorted by the need to maintain and enhance self-esteem, or the tendency to perceive oneself in an overly favorable manner. [1] It is the belief that individuals tend to ascribe success to their own abilities and efforts, but ascribe failure to external factors. [2]
Psychological resilience, or mental resilience, is the ability to cope mentally and emotionally with a crisis, or to return to pre-crisis status quickly. [1]The term was popularized in the 1970s and 1980s by psychologist Emmy Werner as she conducted a forty-year-long study of a cohort of Hawaiian children who came from low socioeconomic status backgrounds.