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A benevolent dictatorship is a government in which an authoritarian leader exercises absolute political power over the state but is perceived to do so with regard for the benefit of the population as a whole. It stands in contrast to the decidedly malevolent stereotype of a dictator, who focuses on their supporters and their own self-interests.
One of Marcos' rationalizations for martial law stated that there was a need to "reform society" [157]: 66 by placing it under the control of a "benevolent dictator" who could guide the undisciplined populace through a period of chaos. [157]: 29 [212] He referred to this social engineering exercise as the bagong lipunan or "new society".
The most organized nationwide resistance force against the Marcos dictatorship was the New People's Army of the Communist Party of the Philippines. While groups with other ideologies, such as the Light-A-Fire Movement and the August 6 Liberation Movement, also eventually organized an armed resistance, they had only a few members and had no ...
During 1925 the Commission visited schools all throughout the Philippines, interviewing a total of 32,000 pupils and 1,077 teachers. The commission found that in the 24 years since the U.S. education system had been established, 530,000 Filipinos had completed elementary school, 160,000 intermediate school, and 15,500 high school.
Ferdinand Marcos developed a cult of personality as a way of remaining President of the Philippines for 20 years, [1] [2] in a way that political scientists [who?] have compared to other authoritarian and totalitarian leaders such as Joseph Stalin and Adolf Hitler, [3] but also to more contemporary dictators such as Suharto in Indonesia, Saddam Hussein in Iraq, and the Kim dynasty of North Korea.
In the Philippines, free access to modern public education was made possible through the enactment of the Spanish Education Decree of December 20, 1863 by Queen Isabella II. Primary instruction was made free and the teaching of Spanish was compulsory. [ 35 ]
Benevolent assimilation refers to a policy of the United States towards the Philippines as described in a proclamation by US president William McKinley that was issued in a memorandum to the U.S. Secretary of War on December 21, 1898, after the signing of the Treaty of Paris, which ended the Spanish–American War. [1]
According to World Bank data, the Philippines' gross domestic product (GDP) quadrupled from $8 billion in 1972 to $32.45 billion in 1980, for an inflation-adjusted average growth rate of 6% per year. [40] Indeed, according to the U.S.-based Heritage Foundation, the Philippines enjoyed its best economic development since 1945 between 1972 and 1980.