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  2. Volcanic gas - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic_gas

    Sulphur dioxide (SO 2) absorbs strongly in the ultraviolet wavelengths and has low background concentrations in the atmosphere. These characteristics make sulphur dioxide a good target for volcanic gas monitoring. It can be detected by satellite-based instruments, which allow for global monitoring, and by ground-based instruments such as DOAS.

  3. Blue lava - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_lava

    Blue lava, also known as (Indonesian: Api Biru), [1] and simply referred to as blue fire or sulfur fire, is a phenomenon that occurs when sulfur burns. It is an electric-blue flame that has the illusory appearance of lava. Despite the name, the phenomenon is actually a sulfuric fire that resembles the appearance of lava, rather than actual lava ...

  4. Ijen - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ijen

    The Ijen volcano complex is a group of composite volcanoes located on the border between Banyuwangi Regency and Bondowoso Regency of East Java, Indonesia. It is known for its blue fire, acidic crater lake, and labour-intensive sulfur mining. It is inside an eponymous larger caldera Ijen, which is about 20 kilometres (12 mi) wide.

  5. Sulfur dioxide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfur_dioxide

    Sulfur dioxide is the product of the burning of sulfur or of burning materials that contain sulfur: S8 + 8 O2 → 8 SO2, ΔH = −297 kJ/mol. To aid combustion, liquified sulfur (140–150 °C (284–302 °F) is sprayed through an atomizing nozzle to generate fine drops of sulfur with a large surface area.

  6. Volcanogenic massive sulfide ore deposit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanogenic_massive...

    Volcanogenic massive sulfide ore deposits, also known as VMS ore deposits, are a type of metal sulfide ore deposit, mainly copper - zinc which are associated with and produced by volcanic -associated hydrothermal events in submarine environments. [2][3][4] These deposits are also sometimes called volcanic-hosted massive sulfide (VHMS) deposits.

  7. Sulfur - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfur

    This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 28 September 2024. This article is about the chemical element. For other uses, see Sulfur (disambiguation). Chemical element with atomic number 16 (S) Sulfur, 16 S Sulfur Alternative name Sulphur (British spelling) Allotropes see Allotropes of sulfur Appearance Lemon yellow sintered microcrystals ...

  8. Fumarole - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fumarole

    Fumarole. A fumarole (or fumerole) [1] is a vent in the surface of the Earth or another rocky planet from which hot volcanic gases and vapors are emitted, without any accompanying liquids or solids. Fumaroles are characteristic of the late stages of volcanic activity, but fumarole activity can also precede a volcanic eruption and has been used ...

  9. Timeline of volcanism on Earth - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_volcanism_on_Earth

    About 33.9 million ago, the Oligocene epoch of the Paleogene period begins. The Mid-Tertiary ignimbrite flare-up begins 40 million years ago and lasts until 25 million years ago. Bennett Lake Volcanic Complex erupts 50 million years ago with a VEI 7 850 cubic kilometers (204 cu mi) of tephra.