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Han Chinese and Khitan soldiers defected en masse to Genghis Khan against the Jurchen Jin dynasty. [130] Towns which surrendered were spared from sacking and massacre by Kublai Khan. [131] The Khitan reluctantly left their homeland in Manchuria as the Jin moved their primary capital from Beijing south to Kaifeng and defected to the Mongols. [132]
Han Chinese and Khitan soldiers defected en masse to Genghis Khan against the Jurchen Jin dynasty. [63] Towns which surrendered were spared from sacking and massacre by Kublai Khan. [64] The Khitan reluctantly left their homeland in Manchuria as the Jin moved their primary capital from Beijing south to Kaifeng and defected to the Mongols. [65]
Kublai Khan [b] [c] (23 September 1215 – 18 February 1294), also known by his temple name as the Emperor Shizu of Yuan and his regnal name Setsen Khan, was the founder and first emperor of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty of China. He proclaimed the dynastic name "Great Yuan" [d] in 1271, and ruled Yuan China until his death in 1294.
Ancient sources described Genghis Khan's conquests as wholesale destruction on an unprecedented scale in certain geographical regions, causing great demographic changes in Asia. According to the works of the Iranian historian Rashid al-Din (1247–1318), the Mongols killed more than 1,300,000 people in Merv and more than 1,747,000 in Nishapur .
Kublai Khan (Emperor Shizu of Yuan), Genghis Khan's grandson and founder of the Yuan dynasty. Battles ensued between the armies of Kublai and those of his brother Ariq Böke, which included forces still loyal to Möngke's previous administration. Kublai's army easily eliminated Ariq Böke's supporters and seized control of the civil ...
Although Genghis Khan's enthronement as Khagan in 1206 was described in Chinese as the Han-style title of Emperor [note 3] [6] and the Mongol Empire had ruled territories including modern-day northern China for decades, it was not until 1271 that Kublai Khan officially proclaimed the dynasty in the traditional Han style, [13] and the conquest ...
Not including the mortality from the Plague in Europe, West Asia, or China [35] it is possible that between 20 and 57 million people were killed between 1206 and 1405 during the various campaigns of Genghis Khan, Kublai Khan, and Timur. [36] [37] [38] The havoc included battles, sieges, [39] early biological warfare, [40] and massacres. [41] [42]
An insurgency leader named Muhammad al-Marghani twice attacked the camp Genghis Khan accommodated at Baghlan and returned with some loot. As a response, Genghis Khan sent a large army under Ögedei back to Ghazni. [63] Genghis Khan appointed Yelü Ahai to restore Mongol sovereignty order in Samarkand and Bukhara.