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Religion in Mongolia has been traditionally dominated by the schools of Mongolian Buddhism and by Mongolian shamanism, the ethnic religion of the Mongols. Historically, through their Mongol Empire the Mongols were exposed to the influences of Christianity ( Nestorianism and Catholicism ) and Islam , although these religions never came to dominate.
Along with palaces, Ogedei built houses of worship for the Buddhist, Muslim, Christian, and Taoist followers. The dominant religions at that time were Tengrism and Buddhism, although Ögedei's wife was a Christian. [5] In later years of the empire, three of the four principal khanates embraced Islam, as Islam was favored over other religions.
Mongolian shamanism, known as the Böö Mörgöl (Бөө мөргөл [pɵː ˈmɵrkʊ̆ɬ]) in Mongolian and more broadly called the Mongolian folk religion [1] or occasionally Tengerism, [2] [note 2] refers to the animistic and shamanic ethnic religion that has been practiced in Mongolia and its surrounding areas (including Buryatia and Inner Mongolia) at least since the age of recorded history.
Mongolian Buddhism, which is of the same schools of Tibetan Buddhism, was the dominant religion in Inner Mongolia until the 19th century. [5] Its monastic institution was virtually eradicated during the Cultural Revolution , that was particularly tough against the political power of the lamas . [ 5 ]
Buddhism is the largest religion in Mongolia practiced by 51.7% of Mongolia's population, according to the 2020 Mongolia census. [1] Buddhism in Mongolia derives much of its recent characteristics from Tibetan Buddhism of the Gelug and Kagyu lineages, but is distinct and presents its own unique characteristics.
In the most recent census in Mongolia, almost forty percent of the population reported as being atheist, while the majority religion was Tibetan Buddhism, with 53%. [94] Having survived suppression by the Communists, Buddhism among the Eastern, Northern, Southern and Western Mongols is today primarily of the Gelugpa school of Tibetan Buddhism .
The Mass in Ulaanbaatar's Steppe Arena was the religious highlight of the pope's trip to visit the Catholic community of just 1,450 - believed to be the world's smallest per capita in a Mongolian ...
Tengrism (also known as Tengriism, Tengerism, or Tengrianism) is a religion originating in the Eurasian steppes, based on shamanism and animism.It generally involves the titular sky god Tengri, [1] who is not considered a deity in the usual sense but a personification of the universe. [2]