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The hepatorenal syndrome represents the end-stage of a sequence of reductions in kidney perfusion induced by increasingly severe hepatic injury. The hepatorenal syndrome is a diagnosis of exclusion ( algorithm 1 ), and is associated with a poor prognosis.
Patients who have developed complications of cirrhosis, such as variceal hemorrhage, ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), hepatorenal syndrome, or hepatopulmonary syndrome, are considered to have decompensated cirrhosis.
The term "cardiorenal syndrome" (CRS) has been applied to these interactions. The prognosis and treatment of type 1 and 2 CRS will be reviewed here. Issues related to the prevalence of a reduced glomerular filtration rate in patients with heart failure (HF), the diagnosis of type 1 and 2 CRS, and the mechanisms by which acute and chronic HF ...
Patients with cirrhosis are susceptible to a variety of complications, and their life expectancy can be markedly reduced. Cirrhosis accounted for approximately 49,500 deaths and was the eighth leading cause of death in the United States in 2010 [ 1 ].
Patients with cirrhosis are susceptible to a variety of complications, and their life expectancy is markedly reduced. (See "Cirrhosis in adults: Overview of complications, general management, and prognosis", section on 'Prognosis' .)
INTRODUCTION. Excessive alcohol consumption is associated with a range of hepatic manifestations and takes a significant toll on human health throughout the world [].Moreover, alcoholic liver disease tends to be diagnosed at later stages than other liver diseases [].In the United States, the burden of alcoholic hepatitis is increasing [].Hepatic manifestations include alcoholic fatty liver ...
Patients with cirrhosis are susceptible to a variety of complications, and their life expectancy can be markedly reduced. Cirrhosis accounted for approximately 49,500 deaths and was the eighth leading cause of death in the United States in 2010 [ 1 ].
Hepatorenal syndrome; Locoregional methods for management of metastatic colorectal cancer; Medical treatment for relapsed epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or peritoneal cancer: Platinum-resistant disease; Overview of managing common non-pain symptoms in palliative care; Patient education: Fluid in the belly from cirrhosis (ascites) (The Basics)
Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is characterized by the triad of abnormal arterial oxygenation caused by intrapulmonary vascular dilatations (IPVDs) in the setting of liver disease, portal hypertension, or congenital portosystemic shunts . The prevalence, causes, clinical manifestations, and diagnostic evaluation of HPS are reviewed here.
The term "cardiorenal syndrome" (CRS) has been applied to these interactions. The prevalence of impaired renal function in patients with heart failure (HF), the diagnosis of CRS, and the mechanisms by which acute HF leads to worsening kidney function (type 1 CRS) will be reviewed here.