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Dual board. A Dual Board or Two Tier system is a corporate structure system that consists of two bodies i.e. the Council of Delegates to govern the Board of Directors and the Board of Directors to manage a corporation. The roles and relationships between the two bodies vary across countries. The structure is composed of two bodies, the ...
If there are no intermediaries then this is known as a zero-level distribution system or direct marketing. A level one (sometimes called one-tier) channel has a single intermediary. A level two (alternatively a two-tier) channel has two intermediaries, and so on. This flow is typically represented as being manufacturer to retailer to consumer ...
A two-tier system is a type of payroll system in which one group of workers receives lower wages and/or employee benefits than another. [1] The two-tier system of wages is usually established for one of three reasons: The employer wishes to better compensate more senior and ostensibly more experienced and productive workers without increasing ...
The latter include the structural definition from the Cadbury Report, which identifies corporate governance as "the system by which companies are directed and controlled" (Cadbury 1992, p. 15); and the relational-structural view adopted by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development of "Corporate governance involves a set of ...
The two-tier system is an attempt to break the union and create disharmony among workers, said Jane Carter, a research director for United Nurses Associations of California/Union of Health Care ...
Enterprise resource planning. Enterprise resource planning (ERP) is the integrated management of main business processes, often in real time and mediated by software and technology. ERP is usually referred to as a category of business management software —typically a suite of integrated applications —that an organization can use to collect ...
Marketing system is a general term that represents how different patterns of the flows of goods/services from producers to consumers are culturally (uniquely) organised, whereas terms such as market system (a market based economic system of the West), horizontal marketing system (cooperation between two firms at the same level), and digital ...
Multi-level marketing (MLM), also called network marketing [1] or pyramid selling, [2] [3] [4] is a controversial [4] and sometimes illegal marketing strategy for the sale of products or services in which the revenue of the MLM company is derived from a non-salaried workforce selling the company's products or services, while the earnings of the participants are derived from a pyramid-shaped or ...