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Original image of a logistic curve, contrasted with what Verhulst called a "logarithmic curve" (in modern terms, "exponential curve") The logistic function was introduced in a series of three papers by Pierre François Verhulst between 1838 and 1847, who devised it as a model of population growth by adjusting the exponential growth model, under the guidance of Adolphe Quetelet. [5]
One of the most basic and milestone models of population growth was the logistic model of population growth formulated by Pierre François Verhulst in 1838. The logistic model takes the shape of a sigmoid curve and describes the growth of a population as exponential, followed by a decrease in growth, and bound by a carrying capacity due to ...
Using these techniques, Malthus' population principle of growth was later transformed into a mathematical model known as the logistic equation: = (), where N is the population size, r is the intrinsic rate of natural increase, and K is the carrying capacity of the population.
Logistic function, solution of the logistic map's continuous counterpart: the Logistic differential equation. Lyapunov stability#Definition for discrete-time systems; Malthusian growth model; Periodic points of complex quadratic mappings, of which the logistic map is a special case confined to the real line
The logistic population model, when used by ecologists often takes the following form: = (). Here x is the size of the population at a given time, r is inherent per-capita growth rate, and K is the carrying capacity .
Under the logistic model, population growth rate between these two limits is most often assumed to be sigmoidal (Figure 1). There is scientific evidence that some populations do grow in a logistic fashion towards a stable equilibrium – a commonly cited example is the logistic growth of yeast. The equation describing logistic growth is: [13]
Globally, the rate of population growth has declined from a peak of 2.2% per year in 1963. [11] Population growth alongside increased consumption is a driver of environmental concerns, such as biodiversity loss and climate change, [12] [13] due to overexploitation of natural resources for human development. [14]
P 0 = P(0) is the initial population size, r = the population growth rate, which Ronald Fisher called the Malthusian parameter of population growth in The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection, [2] and Alfred J. Lotka called the intrinsic rate of increase, [3] [4] t = time. The model can also be written in the form of a differential equation: