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Singapore opened its first psychiatric hospital, the Institute of Mental Health, in 1928, and all general hospitals currently have psychiatry departments. [1] Major depressive disorder is the most common mental illness in Singapore, with about six percent of the population suffering from it.
In 2021, the global rate of suicide deaths for men was 12.3 per 100,000, more than double the rate for women, which stood at 5.9 per 100,000 population. However, the sex disparity was uneven across regions, with a male-to-female ratio ranging from as low as 1.4 in the Southeast Asia Region to nearly 4.0 in the Region of the Americas.
Singapore ranked 105th by age-standardised suicide rate according to the World Health Organization in 2016. [6] Generally, the rate of suicide is rising. In 2016, the rate of suicide was 8.54 per 100,000 individuals, up from 8.43 in 2015. [7] Like most issues of mental illness and death, suicide is generally viewed as a taboo subject in Singapore.
Depression is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, as the epidemiology has shown. [1] Lifetime prevalence estimates vary widely, from 3% in Japan to 17% in India. Epidemiological data shows higher rates of depression in the Middle East, North Africa, South Asia and the United States than in other regions and countries. [2]
Deaths in Singapore offset the population increase from live births. In 2007, 17,140 people in Singapore died from various causes. The death rate was 4.5 deaths per 1,000 of the population. [ 1 ]
The average lifetime prevalence found was 6.7% for MDD (with a relatively low lifetime prevalence rate in higher-quality studies, compared to the rates typically highlighted of 5–12% for men and 10–25% for women), and rates of 3.6% for dysthymia and 0.8% for Bipolar 1. [18]
Depression is common among those over 65 years of age and increases in frequency beyond this age. [29] The risk of depression increases in relation to the frailty of the individual. [279] Depression is one of the most important factors which negatively impact quality of life in adults, as well as the elderly. [29]
Suicide is the 10th leading cause of death worldwide, [3] [6] accounting for approximately 1.5% of total deaths. [8] In a given year, this is roughly 12 per 100,000 people. [6] Though suicides resulted in 828,000 deaths globally in 2015, an increase from 712,000 deaths in 1990, the age-standardized death rate decreased by 23.3%.