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Mercury(II) sulfide, HgS, adopts the cinnabar structure described, and one additional structure, i.e. it is dimorphous. [16] Cinnabar is the more stable form, and is a structure akin to that of HgO : each Hg center has two short Hg−S bonds (each 2.36 Å ), and four longer Hg···S contacts (with 3.10, 3.10, 3.30 and 3.30 Å separations).
Pycnoporus cinnabarinus, also known as the cinnabar polypore, is a saprophytic, white-rot decomposer. Its fruit body is a bright orange shelf fungus. It is common in many areas and is widely distributed throughout the world. It is inedible. [2] It produces cinnabarinic acid to protect itself from bacteria. [3]
Cinnabar has a mean refractive index near 3.2, a hardness between 2.0 and 2.5, and a specific gravity of approximately 8.1. The color and properties derive from a structure that is a hexagonal crystalline lattice belonging to the trigonal crystal system , crystals that sometimes exhibit twinning .
red cinnabar (α-HgS, trigonal, hP6, P3221) is the form in which mercury is most commonly found in nature. Cinnabar has rhombohedral crystal system. Crystals of red are optically active. This is caused by the Hg-S helices in the structure. [5] black metacinnabar (β-HgS) is less common in nature and adopts the zinc blende crystal structure (T 2 ...
[2] The name originated because it had a similar color to the natural red dye made from an insect, Kermes vermilio, which was widely used in Europe. [2] [3] The first recorded use of "vermilion" as a color name in English was in 1289. [4] [5] The term cinnabar is used in mineralogy and crystallography for the red crystalline form of mercury ...
[4] [5] [3] [6] [2] Fülöppite is a rare member of the plagionite group, comprising heteromorphite Pb 7 Sb 8 S 19 , plagionite Pb 5 Sb 8 S 17 and semseyite Pb 9 Sb 8 S 21 . [ 5 ] It was named in 1929 for Dr. Béla Fülöpp (1863–1938), a Hungarian lawyer, statesman and mineral collector.
The sulphide minerals are a class of minerals containing sulphide (S 2−) or disulphide (S 2− 2) as the major anion. Some sulfide minerals are economically important as metal ores. The sulphide class also includes the selenides, the tellurides, the arsenides, the antimonides, the bismuthinides, the sulpharsenides and the sulphosalts.
The elements of group 12 have an oxidation state of +2 in which the ions have the rather stable d 10 electronic configuration, with a full sub-shell. However, mercury can easily be reduced to the +1 oxidation state; usually, as in the ion Hg 2+ 2, two mercury(I) ions come together to form a metal-metal bond and a diamagnetic species. [24]