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Cinnabar has a mean refractive index near 3.2, a hardness between 2.0 and 2.5, and a specific gravity of approximately 8.1. The color and properties derive from a structure that is a hexagonal crystalline lattice belonging to the trigonal crystal system , crystals that sometimes exhibit twinning .
[2] The name originated because it had a similar color to the natural red dye made from an insect, Kermes vermilio, which was widely used in Europe. [2] [3] The first recorded use of "vermilion" as a color name in English was in 1289. [4] [5] The term cinnabar is used in mineralogy and crystallography for the red crystalline form of mercury ...
Pycnoporus cinnabarinus, also known as the cinnabar polypore, is a saprophytic, white-rot decomposer. Its fruit body is a bright orange shelf fungus. It is common in many areas and is widely distributed throughout the world. It is inedible. [2] It produces cinnabarinic acid to protect itself from bacteria. [3]
red cinnabar (α-HgS, trigonal, hP6, P3221) is the form in which mercury is most commonly found in nature. Cinnabar has rhombohedral crystal system. Crystals of red are optically active. This is caused by the Hg-S helices in the structure. [5] black metacinnabar (β-HgS) is less common in nature and adopts the zinc blende crystal structure (T 2 ...
The elements of group 12 have an oxidation state of +2 in which the ions have the rather stable d 10 electronic configuration, with a full sub-shell. However, mercury can easily be reduced to the +1 oxidation state; usually, as in the ion Hg 2+ 2, two mercury(I) ions come together to form a metal-metal bond and a diamagnetic species. [24]
The most common mineral assemblage of granulite facies consists of antiperthitic plagioclase, alkali feldspar containing up to 50% albite and Al 2 O 3-rich pyroxenes. Transition between amphibolite and granulite facies is defined by these reaction isograds: amphibole → pyroxene + H 2 O biotite → K-feldspar + garnet + orthopyroxene + H 2 O.
Dān 丹 "cinnabar; vermillion; elixir; alchemy" is the keyword for Chinese immortality elixirs. The red mineral cinnabar (dānshā 丹砂 lit. "cinnabar sand") was anciently used to produce the pigment vermilion (zhūhóng 朱紅) and the element mercury (shuǐyín 水銀 "watery silver" or gǒng 汞). [2]
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