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Spirituality for use in Health Research: Domain / Chapter Title. Sample Item. Daily Spiritual Experiences (Lynn G. Underwood) I find strength and comfort in my religion.* Meaning (Kenneth I. Pargament) My spirituality helps define the goals I set for myself. Values (Ellen Idler) My whole approach to life is based on my religion. Beliefs
The study included a sample size of 2306 students attending Protestant and Catholic schools in the highly religious culture of Northern Ireland. The data shows a negative correlation between prayer frequency and psychoticism. The data also shows that, in Catholic students, frequent prayer has a positive correlation to neuroticism scores. [75]
Spiritual wellbeing has been associated with positive physical health outcomes in research. [1] [2] [5] Spirituality reduces the likelihood of illness and is strongly related to increased longevity. [5] For example, it lowers the rate of heart disease, cirrhosis, emphysema, stroke, kidney failure, cancer mortality, overall mortality. [1]
Handbook of Religion and Health is a scholarly book about the relation of spirituality and religion with physical and mental health. Written by Harold G. Koenig, Michael E. McCullough, and David B. Larson, the first edition was published in the United States in 2001.
Since the inclusion of spiritual health within WHO's purview, a number of other significant organizations have also attended to spirituality and incorporated reference to it in key documents, including the United Nations action plan Agenda 21 [68] which recognizes the right of individuals to "healthy physical, mental, and spiritual development".
Some research shows that religion, but not spirituality can help with coping, [25] whereas other shows that intrinsic spirituality can be a very effective style of coping. [26] The differences found between religious and spiritual coping may be further evidence of the role of attachment styles and types of coping used.
Mental health professionals, who traditionally have shunned religion in their own lives and in the lived experience of their clients, might be persuaded by Pargament's broadband approach to investigate how religion operates in the tales of coping and crisis they hear on a daily basis. (p. 368 [3]) She added that:
Research on faith and health: New approaches to old questions: Thomas G. Plante and Allen C. Sherman Part I: Faith and Health in the General Population: Research and Theory: 2. Spirituality, religion, and health: Evidence, issues, and concerns: Carl E. Thoresen, Alex H. S. Harris, and Doug Oman 3.