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  2. Tracheobronchomalacia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tracheobronchomalacia

    After the type is named, the cause must be identified, whether it is from genetics, a trauma accident, or chronic tracheal illness. If a trauma case or chronic tracheal illnesses were the cause, the first steps of treatment would be to address these underlying issues.

  3. Tinbergen's four questions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinbergen's_four_questions

    The brain: For example, Broca's area, a small section of the human brain, has a critical role in linguistic capability. Hormones: Chemicals used to communicate among cells of an individual organism. Testosterone, for instance, stimulates aggressive behaviour in a number of species.

  4. Paragonimus westermani - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paragonimus_westermani

    An adult of the hermaphroditic generation. In size, shape, and color, Paragonimus westermani resembles a coffee bean when alive. Adult worms are 7.5 mm to 12 mm long and 4 mm to 6 mm wide. The thickness ranges from 3.5 mm to 5 mm. The skin of the worm is thickly covered with scalelike spines. The oral and ventral suckers are similar in size ...

  5. Metagonimiasis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metagonimiasis

    Praziquantel is recommended in both adult and pediatric cases with dosages of 75 mg/kg/d in 3 doses for 1 day. Praziquantel is a Praziniozoquinoline derivative that alters the calcium flux through the parasite tectum and causes muscular paralysis and detachment of the fluke. Prizaquantel should be taken with liquids during a meal and as ...

  6. Iatrogenesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iatrogenesis

    In fact, intrinsic and sometimes adverse effects of a medical treatment are iatrogenic. For example, radiation therapy and chemotherapy—necessarily aggressive for therapeutic effect – frequently produce such iatrogenic effects as hair loss, hemolytic anemia, diabetes insipidus, vomiting, nausea, brain damage, lymphedema, infertility, etc.

  7. Dirofilaria immitis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirofilaria_immitis

    Adult heartworms often reside in the pulmonary arterial system (lung arteries) as well as the heart, and a major health effect in the infected animal host is a manifestation of damage to its lung vessels and tissues. [4] In cases involving advanced worm infestation, adult heartworms may migrate to the right heart and the pulmonary artery.

  8. Schistosoma haematobium - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schistosoma_haematobium

    Normal infection of adults does not produce symptoms. When eggs are released, they sometimes become permanently stuck in the bladder and cause pathological symptoms. The eggs are initially deposited in the muscularis propria which leads to ulceration of the overlaying tissue.

  9. Hypersalivation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypersalivation

    Mouthwash and tooth brushing may have drying effects. [ 4 ] In the palliative care setting, anticholinergics and similar drugs that would normally reduce the production of saliva causing a dry mouth could be considered for symptom management: scopolamine , atropine , propantheline , hyoscine , amitriptyline , glycopyrrolate .