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  2. Productivity-improving technologies - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Productivity-improving...

    Paper was made one sheet at a time by hand until development of the Fourdrinier paper machine (c. 1801) which made a continuous sheet. Paper making was severely limited by the supply of cotton and linen rags from the time of the invention of the printing press until the development of wood pulp (c. 1850s)in response to a shortage of rags. [4]

  3. Two's complement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two's_complement

    To convert a number with a fractional part, such as .0101, one must convert starting from right to left the 1s to decimal as in a normal conversion. In this example 0101 is equal to 5 in decimal. Each digit after the floating point represents a fraction where the denominator is a multiplier of 2. So, the first is 1/2, the second is 1/4 and so on.

  4. Duty cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duty_cycle

    The "on time" for a 60% duty cycle could be a fraction of a second, a day, or even a week, depending on the length of the period. Duty cycles can be used to describe the percent time of an active signal in an electrical device such as the power switch in a switching power supply or the firing of action potentials by a living system such as a ...

  5. Glossary of electrical and electronics engineering - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_electrical_and...

    The fraction of time that a power plant is available to produce power. avalanche diode A diode intended for regular operation in the reverse, avalanche breakdown, mode. Used as a voltage reference, noise source, and in certain classes of microwave oscillator device. average rectified value

  6. Correlation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Correlation

    For example, scaled correlation is designed to use the sensitivity to the range in order to pick out correlations between fast components of time series. [16] By reducing the range of values in a controlled manner, the correlations on long time scale are filtered out and only the correlations on short time scales are revealed.

  7. List of common misconceptions about arts and culture

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_common...

    All microwave radiation dissipates as heat. Long-term rodent studies to assess cancer risk have so far failed to identify any carcinogenicity from 2.45 GHz microwave radiation even with chronic exposure levels (i.e. large fraction of life span) far larger than humans are likely to encounter from any leaking ovens. The risk of injury from direct ...

  8. Human impact on the nitrogen cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_impact_on_the...

    Approximately 78% of Earth's atmosphere is N gas (N 2), which is an inert compound and biologically unavailable to most organisms.In order to be utilized in most biological processes, N 2 must be converted to reactive nitrogen (Nr), which includes inorganic reduced forms (NH 3 and NH 4 +), inorganic oxidized forms (NO, NO 2, HNO 3, N 2 O, and NO 3 −), and organic compounds (urea, amines, and ...

  9. Fusion power - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_power

    Most reactor designs rely on liquid hydrogen as a coolant and to convert stray neutrons into tritium, which is fed back into the reactor as fuel. Hydrogen is flammable, and it is possible that hydrogen stored on-site could ignite. In this case, the tritium fraction of the hydrogen would enter the atmosphere, posing a radiation risk.