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Sex linked describes the sex-specific reading patterns of inheritance and presentation when a gene mutation is present on a sex chromosome (allosome) rather than a non-sex chromosome . In humans, these are termed X-linked recessive, X-linked dominant and Y-linked. The inheritance and presentation of all three differ depending on the sex of both ...
X-linked recessive inheritance. X-linked recessive inheritance is a mode of inheritance in which a mutation in a gene on the X chromosome causes the phenotype to be always expressed in males (who are necessarily hemizygous for the gene mutation because they have one X and one Y chromosome) and in females who are homozygous for the gene mutation (see zygosity).
An example pedigree chart of an autosomal dominant disorder An example pedigree chart of an autosomal recessive disorder An example pedigree chart of a sex-linked disorder (The gene is on the X chromosome.) The description of a mode of biological inheritance consists of three main categories: 1. Number of involved loci
Y-linked inheritance Pedigree tree showing the inheritance of a Y-linked trait. Y linkage, also known as holandric inheritance (from Ancient Greek ὅλος hólos, "whole" + ἀνδρός andrós, "male"), [1] describes traits that are produced by genes located on the Y chromosome. It is a form of sex linkage. Y linkage can be difficult to detect.
The pattern of inheritance in which a single recessive allele is inherited but is still expressed is known as pseudodominance. This mainly occurs with sex-linked genes (i.e., those on the sex chromosomes). The homogametic sex (females in humans) receive two of each sex chromosome and therefore need to be homozygous to show a recessive trait.
Sex linkage was first reported by Doncaster and Raynor in 1906 [2] who studied the inheritance of a colour mutation in a moth, Abraxas grossulariata. Thomas Hunt Morgan later showed that a new white-eye mutation in Drosophila melanogaster was also sex-linked. He found that a white-eyed male crossed with a red-eyed female produced only red-eyed ...
There are two distinctive mapping approaches used in the field of genome mapping: genetic maps (also known as linkage maps) [7] and physical maps. [3] While both maps are a collection of genetic markers and gene loci, [8] genetic maps' distances are based on the genetic linkage information, while physical maps use actual physical distances usually measured in number of base pairs.
Sex-limited genes are also distinguished from sex-influenced genes, where the same gene will show differential expression in each sex. Sex-influenced genes commonly show a dominant/recessive relationship, where the same gene will have a dominant effect in one sex and a recessive effect in the other (for example, male pattern baldness).