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  2. Ludwig Wittgenstein - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_Wittgenstein

    Ludwig Josef Johann Wittgenstein (/ ˈ v ɪ t ɡ ən ʃ t aɪ n,-s t aɪ n / VIT-gən-s(h)tyne, [7] Austrian German: [ˈluːdvɪk ˈjoːsɛf ˈjoːhan ˈvɪtɡn̩ʃtaɪn]; 26 April 1889 – 29 April 1951) was an Austrian philosopher who worked primarily in logic, the philosophy of mathematics, the philosophy of mind, and the philosophy of language.

  3. Language game (philosophy) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_game_(philosophy)

    Wittgenstein also gives the example of "Water!", which can be used as an exclamation, an order, a request, or an answer to a question. [5] The meaning of the word depends on the language-game within which it is being used. Another way Wittgenstein puts the point is that the word "water" has no meaning apart from its use within a language-game.

  4. Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tractatus_Logico-Philosophicus

    By objects, Wittgenstein did not mean physical objects in the world, but the absolute base of logical analysis, that can be combined but not divided (TLP 2.02–2.0201). [13] According to Wittgenstein's logico-atomistic metaphysical system, objects each have a "nature", which is their capacity to combine with other objects.

  5. Ideal language philosophy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideal_language_philosophy

    Wittgenstein developed a comprehensive system of logical atomism in his Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus (German: Logisch-Philosophische Abhandlung, 1921). He thereby argued that the universe is the totality of facts and not things: actual states of affairs and that these states of affairs can be expressed by the language of first-order predicate ...

  6. Wittgenstein's ladder - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wittgenstein's_ladder

    In philosophy, Wittgenstein's ladder is a metaphor set out by Ludwig Wittgenstein about learning. In what may be a deliberate reference to Søren Kierkegaard 's Concluding Unscientific Postscript to Philosophical Fragments , [ 1 ] [ 2 ] the penultimate proposition of the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus (translated from the original German) reads:

  7. Philosophical Investigations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophical_Investigations

    Meaning is a complicated phenomenon that is woven into the fabric of our lives. A good first approximation of Wittgenstein's point is that meaning is a social event; meaning happens between language users. As a consequence, it makes no sense to talk about a private language, with words that mean something in the absence of other users of the ...

  8. Family resemblance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_resemblance

    The term "Family resemblance" as feature of Wittgenstein's philosophy owes much to its translation in English. Wittgenstein, who wrote mostly in German, used the compound word Familienähnlichkeit, but as he lectured and conversed in English he used 'family likeness' (e.g. The Blue Book, p. 17,33; The Brown Book,§66).

  9. Linguistic turn - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistic_turn

    Traditionally, the linguistic turn is taken to also mean the birth of analytic philosophy. [4] One of the results of the linguistic turn was an increasing focus on logic and philosophy of language , and the cleavage between ideal language philosophy and ordinary language philosophy .