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[1] [2] Encomiendas devolved from their original Iberian form into a form of communal slavery. In the encomienda, the Spanish Crown granted a person a specified number of natives from a specific community but did not dictate which individuals in the community would have to provide their labour. Indigenous leaders were charged with mobilising ...
[nb 1] Encomienda gave the encomendero (holder of the encomienda) the right to receive tribute and labour from the indigenous inhabitants of a defined area. Up until the middle of the 16th century, the encomendero could assign his own level of tribute and labour to be provided by the natives within his encomienda, which gave rise to much abuse ...
The encomienda "was the key institution of early Spanish colonialism" [8] and the principal means of exploiting the labor of the Andeans by the Spanish conquerors. The grant of an encomienda enabled the recipient to enjoy a "lordly rank and life-style" and encomenderos , often of humble origins, dominated local governments and were economically ...
October 1–4 Western: First Battle of Arras (1914) October 9 – November 1 Balkan, Serbian: Central powers control Belgrade. October 10 – November 2 Western: Battle of La Bassée: October 12 – November 2 Western: First Battle of Messines (1914) October 13 – November 2 Western: Battle of Armentières: October 16–31 Western: Battle of ...
The complexity of the conflict is mostly obscured by these oversimplifications. [1] George Kennan referred to the war as the "seminal catastrophe of the 20th century". [2] Historian Heather Jones argues that the historiography has been reinvigorated by a cultural turn in the 21st century.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to World War I: . World War I – major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918.
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Before World War II, the events of 1914–1918 were generally known as the Great War or simply the World War. [1] In August 1914, the magazine The Independent wrote "This is the Great War. It names itself". [2] In October 1914, the Canadian magazine Maclean's similarly wrote, "Some wars name themselves. This is the Great War."