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Sea lamprey is the most sought-after species in Portugal and one of only two that can legally bear the commercial name "lamprey" (lampreia): the other one being Lampetra fluviatilis, the European river lamprey, both according to Portaria (Government regulation no. 587/2006, from 22 June).
The sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) is a parasitic lamprey native to the Northern Hemisphere. It is sometimes referred to as the "vampire fish". In its original habitats, the sea lamprey coevolved with its hosts, and those hosts evolved a measure of resistance to the sea lampreys.
The range of the chestnut lamprey extends from Lake Winnipeg and the Hudson Bay down the Mississippi River to the Central and Eastern United States; this includes any large lakes or reservoirs where large host fish are present. [6] In Canada, the chestnut lamprey has been found in Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, and Quebec. [9]
Northern brook lamprey are considered non-parasitic lamprey. [5] They have poorly developed teeth and a round, disc-like, subterminal mouth, called an oral-disc, for suction. Northern brook lampreys have a single dorsal fin that continues along their entire length until it connects with the caudal fin. [6] This dorsal fin can be notched as well.
Lethenteron appendix, the American brook lamprey, is a common non-parasitic lamprey in North America. [4] In adults their disc-like mouths contain poorly developed teeth, useless for attaching to a host.
As with all lamprey species, the least brook lamprey spends the majority of its life as a worm-like ammocoete. The ammocoete (5 mm–20 cm) is clear with a pigmented head when small (<5 cm), but becomes a dark/golden brown as it matures. Ammocoetes have pigmented eye spots located in the head that can detect light and dark.
Lampetra is a genus of lampreys in the family Petromyzontidae.. Phylogenetic studies indicate that this genus as presently defined is polyphyletic, with species of this genus from western North America forming a clade that forms the sister group to Lethenteron, Eudontomyzon, and Lampetra sensu stricto (eastern North American and European species).
The silver lamprey (Ichthyomyzon unicuspis) is a lamprey commonly found in the Northern and Central United States, as well as a large part of southern Canada. Its binomial name means "sucking fish" in Greek and "one-pointed" in Latin. The silver lamprey is a member of the class Agnatha, sometimes referred to as cyclostomes (round-mouths).