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Route poisoning is a method to prevent a router from sending packets through a route that has become invalid within computer networks. Distance-vector routing protocols in computer networks use route poisoning to indicate to other routers that a route is no longer reachable and should not be considered from their routing tables.
In wired networks, the hop count refers to the number of networks or network devices through which data passes between source and destination (depending on routing protocol, this may include the source/destination, that is, the first hop is counted as hop 0 or hop 1 [1]). Thus, hop count is a rough measure of distance between two hosts.
Time to live (TTL) or hop limit is a mechanism which limits the lifespan or lifetime of data in a computer or network. TTL may be implemented as a counter or timestamp attached to or embedded in the data. Once the prescribed event count or timespan has elapsed, data is discarded or revalidated.
The Generalized TTL Security Mechanism (GTSM) is a proposed Internet data transfer security method relying on a packet's Time to Live or Hop limit thus to protect a protocol stack from spoofing and denial of service attacks.
Hop limit Under fault conditions, packets can end up traversing a closed circuit. If nothing was done, eventually the number of packets circulating would build up until the network was congested to the point of failure. Time to live is a field that is decreased by one each time a packet goes through a network hop. If the field reaches zero ...
If there is no corruption, the result of summing the entire IP header, including checksum, and then taking its one's complement should be zero. At each hop, the checksum is verified. Packets with checksum mismatch are discarded. The router must adjust the checksum if it changes the IP header (such as when decrementing the TTL). [6]
The open-loop flow control mechanism is characterized by having no feedback between the receiver and the transmitter. This simple means of control is widely used. The allocation of resources must be a "prior reservation" or "hop-to-hop" type. Open-loop flow control has inherent problems with maximizing the utilization of network resources.
VLAN hopping is a computer security exploit, a method of attacking networked resources on a virtual LAN (VLAN). The basic concept behind all VLAN hopping attacks is for an attacking host on a VLAN to gain access to traffic on other VLANs that would normally not be accessible.