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This approach allows low speed / low head water turbines to be competitive; they can run at the best speed for extraction of energy, and the power frequency is controlled by the electronics instead of the generator. Very small installations , a few kilowatts or smaller, may generate direct current and charge batteries for peak use times.
A pico hydro system made by the Sustainable Vision project from Baylor University [1]. Pico hydro is a term used for hydroelectric power generation of under 5 kW. These generators have proven to be useful in small, remote communities that require only a small amount of electricity – for example, to power one or two fluorescent light bulbs and a TV or radio in 50 or so homes. [2]
The gravitation water vortex power plant is a type of micro hydro vortex turbine system which converts energy in a moving fluid to rotational energy using a low hydraulic head of 0.7–3 metres (2 ft 4 in – 9 ft 10 in). This technology is based on a round basin with a central drain. Above the drain, the water forms a stable line vortex which ...
Small "run of the river" projects do not have a conventional dam with a reservoir, only a weir to form a headpond for diversion of inlet water to the turbine. Unused water simply flows over the weir and the headpond may only be capable of a single day's storage, not enough for dry summers or frozen winters when generation may come to a halt.
The runner of the small water turbine. A water turbine is a rotary machine that converts kinetic energy and potential energy of water into mechanical work. Water turbines were developed in the 19th century and were widely used for industrial power prior to electrical grids. Now, they are mostly used for electric power generation.
Water wheel: Water wheels can be used at low heads (1–5 metres) and medium flows (0.3–1.5 m 3 /s) and are considered safe for aquatic life. Gravitation water vortex power plant: This type of hydro power plant use the power of a gravitation water vortex, which only exists at low head.
Bucket detail on a small turbine. Pelton wheels are the preferred turbine for hydro-power where the available water source has relatively high hydraulic head at low flow rates. Pelton wheels are made in all sizes. There exist multi-ton Pelton wheels mounted on vertical oil pad bearings in hydroelectric plants.
Different turbine inclinations are possible. Water is fed to the Steffturbine through an inlet channel. The inflow of water loads the paddles. The power thus exerted onto the paddles causes the chain, which is mounted to run on roller bearings, to move. In turn, the circulating chain imparts a rotational motion to the drive wheels.
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