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A wide variety of social animals learn from other members of their group or pack. Wolves, for example, learn multiple hunting strategies from the other pack members. A large number of bird species also engage in cultural learning; such learning is critical for the survival of some species.
In the study of social transmissions, one of the important unanswered questions is an explanation of how and why maladaptive social traditions are maintained. For example, in one study [ citation needed ] on social transmission in guppies ( Poecilia reticulata ), naïve fish preferred taking a long, energetically costly route to a feeder that ...
Important aspects of group living include the frequency and type of social interactions (egoistic, cooperative, altruistic, revengeful) between individuals of a group (social life), the group size, and the organization of group members in the group. [citation needed] Terminology of animal groups also varies among different taxonomic groups.
Social learning is a beneficial means to gather information if asocial learning is particularly costly and would increase risk of predation, parasitism, or of expending unnecessary energy. In these types of scenarios, social learners may observe the behaviors of an experienced individual.
Anthropology has traditionally studied the roles of non-human animals in human culture in two opposed ways: as physical resources that humans used; and as symbols or concepts through totemism and animism. More recently, anthropologists have also seen other animals as participants in human social interactions. [2]
Hunting is seen as more cost effective for men than for women. [5] The division of labor allows both types of resources (animals and plants) to be utilized. [5] Individual or small group hunting requires patience and skill more than strength, so women are just as capable as men.
Cultural evolution is an evolutionary theory of social change. It follows from the definition of culture as "information capable of affecting individuals' behavior that they acquire from other members of their species through teaching, imitation and other forms of social transmission". [1] Cultural evolution is the change of this information ...
Collective animal behaviour is a form of social behavior involving the coordinated behavior of large groups of similar animals as well as emergent properties of these groups. This can include the costs and benefits of group membership, the transfer of information, decision-making process, locomotion and synchronization of the group.