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  2. Lehmer code - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lehmer_code

    By contrast the encodings considered here choose the first number from a set of n values, the next number from a fixed set of n − 1 values, and so forth decreasing the number of possibilities until the last number for which only a single fixed value is allowed; every sequence of numbers chosen from these sets encodes a single permutation.

  3. Truncation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truncation

    Truncation of positive real numbers can be done using the floor function.Given a number + to be truncated and , the number of elements to be kept behind the decimal point, the truncated value of x is

  4. Arbitrary-precision arithmetic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbitrary-precision_arithmetic

    Rather than representing a number as single value, some store numbers as a numerator/denominator pair and some can fully represent computable numbers, though only up to some storage limit. Fundamentally, Turing machines cannot represent all real numbers , as the cardinality of R {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} } exceeds the cardinality of Z ...

  5. List of arbitrary-precision arithmetic software - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_arbitrary...

    Python: the built-in int (3.x) / long (2.x) integer type is of arbitrary precision. The Decimal class in the standard library module decimal has user definable precision and limited mathematical operations (exponentiation

  6. Order of operations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_operations

    The order of operations, that is, the order in which the operations in an expression are usually performed, results from a convention adopted throughout mathematics, science, technology and many computer programming languages. It is summarized as: [2] [5] Parentheses; Exponentiation; Multiplication and division; Addition and subtraction

  7. Round-off error - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Round-off_error

    Example: the decimal number () = (¯) can be rearranged into + ⏟ … Since the 53rd bit to the right of the binary point is a 1 and is followed by other nonzero bits, the round-to-nearest rule requires rounding up, that is, add 1 bit to the 52nd bit.

  8. Rate of convergence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rate_of_convergence

    This "smaller rates converge more quickly" behavior among sequences of the same order is standard but it can be counterintuitive. Therefore it is also common to define ⁡ as the rate; this is the "number of extra decimals of precision per iterate" for sequences that converge with order 1. [1]

  9. M/G/1 queue - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M/G/1_queue

    In queueing theory, a discipline within the mathematical theory of probability, an M/G/1 queue is a queue model where arrivals are Markovian (modulated by a Poisson process), service times have a General distribution and there is a single server. [1]