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Ephedrine works by inducing the release of norepinephrine and hence indirectly activating the α-and β-adrenergic receptors. [11] Chemically, ephedrine is a substituted amphetamine and is the (1R,2S)-enantiomer of β-hydroxy-N-methylamphetamine. [14] Ephedrine was first isolated in 1885 and came into commercial use in 1926.
Ball-and-stick model of the ephedrine molecule, a sympathomimetic drug. This image shows the (1R,2S)-isomer. Based on the crystal structure of ephedrine, as determined by X-ray diffraction. Used colors: Carbon, C: black Hydrogen, H: white Oxygen, O: red Nitrogen, N: blue: Date: 22 January 2015: Source: Own work
A combination of theophylline, ephedrine, and hydroxyzine has been marketed under the brand name Marax among others as well. [16] [17] [18] Combinations of theophylline, ephedrine, and a barbiturate were later phased out in favor of combinations of theophylline and ephedrine alone (e.g., brand name Franol).
Racephedrine, also known as racemic ephedrine and sold under the brand names Efetonina and Ephoxamine among others, is the racemic form of ephedrine which has been used as a bronchodilator to treat asthma.
The Ephedra alkaloids, ephedrine and pseudoephedrine – constituents of E. sinica and other members of the genus – have sympathomimetic and decongestant qualities, [22] and have been used as dietary supplements, mainly for weight loss. [23] The drug ephedrine is used to prevent low blood pressure during spinal anesthesia. [22]
Bottle of ephedrine, an alkaloid found in ephedra. Ephedra is a medicinal preparation from the plant Ephedra sinica. [1] Several additional species belonging to the genus Ephedra have traditionally been used for a variety of medicinal purposes, and are a possible candidate for the soma plant of Indo-Iranian religion. [2]
The members of this genus have alkaloid ephedrine which are integral in the treatment of asthma and other related respiratory issues. By using the entire plant and not just the stem it has been observed, as compared to isolated ephedrine, to have few side effects. This is used to treat symptoms not cure respiratory issues.
English: This is the molecular structure of pseudoephedrine presented in a way which makes it easy to compare to the image currently displayed on the page for ephedrine. Date 28 October 2018