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Vomiting (also known as emesis, puking and throwing up) [a] is the involuntary, forceful expulsion of the contents of one's stomach through the mouth and sometimes the nose. [1]
Vomiting (the expulsion of gastric contents) is usually preceded by retching, but retching and vomiting can occur separately [6] and involve different sets of muscles. [7] During a retch, thoracic pressure is decreased and abdominal pressure is increased , which may serve to position gastric contents and overcome esophageal resistance. [ 6 ]
Retroperistalsis is the reverse of the involuntary smooth muscle contractions of peristalsis.It usually occurs as a precursor to vomiting.Local irritation of the stomach, such as bacteria or food poisoning, activates the emetic center of the brain which in turn signals an imminent vomiting reflex.
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“In general, norovirus is very violent and inconvenient,” Dr. Luis Ostrosky, ... Because norovirus can cause repeated vomiting and diarrhea, “the biggest risk is getting very dehydrated ...
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Mallory–Weiss syndrome often presents as an episode of vomiting up blood (hematemesis) after violent retching or vomiting, [9] but may also be noticed as old blood in the stool , and a history of retching may be absent. Oftentimes, hematemesis is accompanied by chest, back, or epigastric pain. [10]
Recovery phase is typically the phase where vomiting ceases, nausea diminishes or is absent, and appetite returns. "Cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) is a rare abnormality of the neuroendocrine system that affects 2% of children." [1] This disorder is thought to be closely related to migraines and family history of migraines. [2] [3]