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The first modern theoretical models for soil consolidation were proposed in the 1920s by Terzaghi and Fillunger, according to two substantially different approaches. [1] The former was based on diffusion equations in eulerian notation, whereas the latter considered the local Newton’s law for both liquid and solid phases, in which main variables, such as partial pressure, porosity, local ...
If the soil particles in a sample are predominantly in a relatively narrow range of sizes, the sample is uniformly graded. If a soil sample has distinct gaps in the gradation curve, e.g., a mixture of gravel and fine sand, with no coarse sand, the sample may be gap graded. Uniformly graded and gap graded soils are both considered to be poorly ...
The consolidation cell is the part of the oedometer that holds the soil sample during a test. At the centre of the consolidation cell is a sample ring where the soil sample is held. The sample ring is typically shaped like a cookie cutter , with a sharp edge on one side, so the ring can be used to cut out a sample slice of soil from a larger ...
The latter becomes soil under the influence of a series of soil-forming factors—climate, vegetation, country, relief and age. According to him, soil should be called the "daily" or outward horizons of rocks regardless of the type; they are changed naturally by the common effect of water, air and various kinds of living and dead organisms. [2]
Soil stabilization is a general term for any physical, chemical, mechanical, biological, or combined method of changing a natural soil to meet an engineering purpose. [1] Improvements include increasing the weight-bearing capabilities, tensile strength, and overall performance of unstable subsoils , sands, and waste materials in order to ...
where is the equivalent stress, is the pressure, is the pre-consolidation pressure, and is the slope of the critical state line in space. The pre-consolidation pressure evolves as the void ratio ( e {\displaystyle e} ) (and therefore the specific volume v {\displaystyle v} ) of the soil changes.
Terzaghi's principle applies well to porous materials whose solid constituents are incompressible - soil, for example, is composed of grains of incompressible silica so that the volume change in soil during consolidation is due solely to the rearrangement of these constituents with respect to one another.
The consolidation curve for a saturated clay showing the procedure for finding the preconsolidation pressure. Using a consolidation curve:(Casagrande 1936) [6] Choose by eye the point of maximum curvature on the consolidation curve. Draw a horizontal line from this point. Draw a line tangent to the curve at the point found in part 1.