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  2. Sidereal time - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidereal_time

    A mean solar day is, therefore, nearly 4 minutes longer than a sidereal day. The stars are so far away that Earth's movement along its orbit makes nearly no difference to their apparent direction (except for the nearest stars if measured with extreme accuracy; see parallax ), and so they return to their highest point at the same time each ...

  3. Earthflow - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthflow

    Its speed can range from being barely noticeable to rapid movement. The velocity of the flow is dictated by water content: the higher the water content is, the higher the velocity will be. [ 1 ] Because of the dependency on water content for the velocity of the flow, it can take minutes or years for the materials to move down the slope.

  4. Glossary of geography terms (N–Z) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_geography_terms...

    2. (of a vessel) In a navigable condition; steerable; seaworthy or roadworthy. navigation 1. The determination of position and direction, generally by comparing the navigator's position to known locations or patterns. 2. The process of monitoring and controlling the movement of a vehicle or craft from one place to another. neap tide

  5. Five themes of geography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five_themes_of_geography

    The five themes were published in 1984 [1] and widely adopted by teachers, textbook publishers, and curriculum designers in the United States. [2] Most American geography and social studies classrooms have adopted the five themes in teaching practices, [3] as they provide "an alternative to the detrimental, but unfortunately persistent, habit ...

  6. Atmospheric circulation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric_circulation

    Idealised depiction (at equinox) of large-scale atmospheric circulation on Earth Long-term mean precipitation by month. Atmospheric circulation is the large-scale movement of air and together with ocean circulation is the means by which thermal energy is redistributed on the surface of the Earth. The Earth's atmospheric circulation varies from ...

  7. Coastal morphodynamics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coastal_morphodynamics

    The strongest rips and associated feeder currents occur in association with intermediate transverse bar and rip topographies. Transitions between beach states are often caused by changes in wave energy , with storms causing reflective beach profiles to flatten (offshore movement of sediment under steeper waves), thus adopting a more dissipative ...

  8. Continental drift - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_drift

    The theory of continental drift has since been validated and incorporated into the science of plate tectonics, which studies the movement of the continents as they ride on plates of the Earth's lithosphere. [2] The speculation that continents might have "drifted" was first put forward by Abraham Ortelius in 1596.

  9. Valley - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valley

    Geography portal; Canyon – Deep chasm between cliffs; Grass valley – Meadow within a forested and relatively small drainage basin; Gully – Landform created by running water and/or mass movement eroding sharply into soil