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The Institutes (Latin: Institutiones) is a component of the Corpus Juris Civilis, the 6th-century codification of Roman law ordered by the Byzantine emperor Justinian I.It is largely based upon the Institutes of Gaius, a Roman jurist of the second century A.D.
The Code of Justinian (Latin: Codex Justinianus, Justinianeus [2] or Justiniani) is one part of the Corpus Juris Civilis, the codification of Roman law ordered early in the 6th century AD by Justinian I, who was Eastern Roman emperor in Constantinople. Two other units, the Digest and the Institutes, were created during his
Justinian I depicted on a mosaic in the church of San Vitale, Ravenna, Italy. Justinian acceded to the imperial throne in Constantinople in 527. [4] Six months after his accession, in order to reduce the great number of imperial constitutions and thus also the number of court proceedings, Justinian arranged for the creation of a new collection of imperial constitutions (Codex Iustinianus). [4]
William Sims Thurman (March 17, 1931–March 9, 2019) was a classicist whose major contribution to scholarship is his English translation of Justinian's Thirteen Edicts (The Thirteen Edicts of Justinian; Translated and Annotated by William Sims). [1]
The Novellae Constitutiones ("new constitutions"; Ancient Greek: Νεαραὶ διατάξεις, romanized: Nearaì diatáxeis), or Justinian's Novels, are now considered one of the four major units of Roman law initiated by Roman emperor Justinian I in the course of his long reign (AD 527–565).
During the same period, Tribonian also was charged with carrying out another aspect of Justinian's reforms in legal education and codification — creating a textbook for first-year law students by updating the Institutes of Gaius. Both the Digest and the new Institutes of Justinian were promulgated in December of 533. [15]
A mutuum was a loan for consumption. [1] It was the oldest contract in re, growing in importance after 326 BC when the lex Poetalia was passed. [5] It could be used by people without the right of commercium – a package of rights to participate in the ius civile and to undertake remedies. [6]
Some consider Gaius and his Institutes to be the "true architect of Justinian's collection". [25] [24] Justinian himself described him as "Gaius noster" ('our Gaius'). [25] The Institutes are also distinguished by the fact that they are the only almost completely preserved work of classical Roman jurisprudence. [1]