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The Institutes (Latin: Institutiones) is a component of the Corpus Juris Civilis, the 6th-century codification of Roman law ordered by the Byzantine emperor Justinian I.It is largely based upon the Institutes of Gaius, a Roman jurist of the second century A.D.
The Code of Justinian (Latin: Codex Justinianus, Justinianeus [2] or Justiniani) is one part of the Corpus Juris Civilis, the codification of Roman law ordered early in the 6th century AD by Justinian I, who was Eastern Roman emperor in Constantinople. Two other units, the Digest and the Institutes, were created during his
Justinian I depicted on a mosaic in the church of San Vitale, Ravenna, Italy. Justinian acceded to the imperial throne in Constantinople in 527. [4] Six months after his accession, in order to reduce the great number of imperial constitutions and thus also the number of court proceedings, Justinian arranged for the creation of a new collection of imperial constitutions (Codex Iustinianus). [4]
The Institutes are divided into four books: The first book considers the legal status of persons (personae), the second and third deal with things (res), while the fourth discusses Roman civil procedure (actiones). [1] The original Latin text with an English translation by Francis De Zulueta covers around 300 pages (with critical notes). [5]
Byzantine law was essentially a continuation of Roman law with increased Orthodox Christian and Hellenistic influence. Most sources define Byzantine law as the Roman legal traditions starting after the reign of Justinian I in the 6th century and ending with the Fall of Constantinople in the 15th century.
The Institutes of Gaius, written about the year AD 161, was an introductory textbook of legal institutions divided into four books: [2] the first treating of persons and the differences of the status they may occupy in the eye of the law; the second of things, and the modes in which rights over them may be acquired, including the law relating to wills; the third of intestate succession and of ...
The parchment codex called Littera Florentina is the closest surviving version of the official Digest of Roman law promulgated by Justinian I in 530–533. The codex, consisting of 907 leaves, is written in the Byzantine-Ravenna uncials characteristic of Constantinople , but which has recently been recognized in legal and literary texts ...
During the same period, Tribonian also was charged with carrying out another aspect of Justinian's reforms in legal education and codification — creating a textbook for first-year law students by updating the Institutes of Gaius. Both the Digest and the new Institutes of Justinian were promulgated in December of 533. [15]