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The Y 3+ ion is colorless in solution due to the absence of electrons in the d and f electron shells. [14] Water readily reacts with yttrium and its compounds to form Y 2 O 3. [16] Concentrated nitric and hydrofluoric acids do not rapidly attack yttrium, but other strong acids do. [14] With halogens, yttrium forms trihalides such as yttrium(III ...
Natural yttrium (39 Y) is composed of a single isotope yttrium-89. The most stable radioisotopes are 88 Y, which has a half-life of 106.6 days, and 91 Y, with a half-life of 58.51 days. All the other isotopes have half-lives of less than a day, except 87 Y, which has a half-life of 79.8 hours, and 90 Y, with 64 hours.
The only stable nuclides having an odd number of protons and an odd number of neutrons are hydrogen-2, lithium-6, boron-10, nitrogen-14 and (observationally) tantalum-180m. This is because the mass–energy of such atoms is usually higher than that of their neighbors on the same isobaric chain, so most of them are unstable to beta decay .
As the half lives of the unstable Yttrium isotopes are low (88 Y being the longest at 106 days), yttrium extracted from strontium-free moderately aged spent fuel has negligible radioactivity. However, the strong gamma emitter 90 Y will be present as long as its parent nuclide 90 Sr is. Should a nonradioactive sample of Yttrium be desired, care ...
Neutrons stabilize the nucleus, because they attract protons, which helps offset the electrical repulsion between protons. As a result, as the number of protons increases, an increasing ratio of neutrons to protons is needed to form a stable nucleus; if too many or too few neutrons are present with regard to the optimum ratio, the nucleus ...
Except 20, 50 and 82 (all these three numbers are magic numbers), all other neutron numbers have at most 4 stable nuclides (in the case of 20, there are 5 stable nuclides 36 S, 37 Cl, 38 Ar, 39 K, and 40 Ca, and in the case for 50, there are 5 stable nuclides: 86 Kr, 88 Sr, 89 Y, 90 Zr, and 92 Mo, and 1 radioactive primordial nuclide, 87 Rb).
“Here is a useful formula for determining how many to keep: (Number of people who use mug/water bottle ) × (number of mugs they use a day) then X that by (one + the number of days between ...
The number of protons (Z column) and number of neutrons (N column). energy column The column labeled "energy" denotes the energy equivalent of the mass of a neutron minus the mass per nucleon of this nuclide (so all nuclides get a positive value) in MeV , formally: m n − m nuclide / A , where A = Z + N is the mass number.