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The distinction is relevant when product A forms faster than product B because the activation energy for product A is lower than that for product B, yet product B is more stable. In such a case A is the kinetic product and is favoured under kinetic control and B is the thermodynamic product and is favoured under thermodynamic control. [1] [2] [3]
In chemistry, chemical stability is the thermodynamic stability of a chemical system, in particular a chemical compound or a polymer. [1] Colloquially, it may instead refer to kinetic persistence , the shelf-life of a metastable substance or system; that is, the timescale over which it begins to degrade.
A reaction coordinate diagram can also be used to qualitatively illustrate kinetic and thermodynamic control in a reaction. Figure 9:Kinetic and Thermodynamic Control: A. Product B is both the kinetic and thermodynamic product and B. Product A is the kinetic product while B is the thermodynamic product. [4]
Pourbaix diagram of iron. [1] The Y axis corresponds to voltage potential. In electrochemistry, and more generally in solution chemistry, a Pourbaix diagram, also known as a potential/pH diagram, E H –pH diagram or a pE/pH diagram, is a plot of possible thermodynamically stable phases (i.e., at chemical equilibrium) of an aqueous electrochemical system.
Being "stuck" in a thermodynamic trough without being at the lowest energy state is known as having kinetic stability or being kinetically persistent. The particular motion or kinetics of the atoms involved has resulted in getting stuck, despite there being preferable (lower-energy) alternatives.
[5] In fact, if the ground-state energy behaves proportional to for some , then pouring two glasses of water would provide an energy proportional to () = (), which is enormous for large . A system is called stable of the second kind or thermodynamically stable when the free energy is bounded from below by a linear function of N {\displaystyle N} .
Food is similar to hydrocarbon and carbohydrate fuels, and when it is oxidized, its energy release is similar (though assessed differently than for a hydrocarbon fuel — see food energy). In chemical thermodynamics, the term used for the chemical potential energy is chemical potential, and sometimes the Gibbs-Duhem equation is used.
Energy diagrams showing how to interpret Hammond's Postulate. In case (a), which is an exothermic reaction, the energy of the transition state is closer in energy to that of the reactant than that of the intermediate or the product. Therefore, from the postulate, the structure of the transition state also more closely resembles that of the ...