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Juz' 1: Al-Fatihah: ٱلْفَاتِحَة al-Fātiḥah al-Ḥamd: The Opening, the Opening of the Divine Writ, The Essence of the Divine Writ, The Surah of Praise, The Foundation of the Qur'an, and The Seven Oft-Repeated [Verses] [6] 7 (1) Makkah: 5: 48: Whole Surah [6] The fundamental principles of the Qur'an in a condensed form. [6]
Ar-Rum (Arabic: الروم, romanized: ’ar-rūm, lit. 'The Romans') is the 30th chapter of the Quran, consisting of 60 verses ().The term Rūm originated in the word Roman, and during the time of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, it referred to the Eastern Roman Empire; the title is also sometimes translated as "The Greeks" or "The Byzantines".
The word surah was used at the time of Muhammad as a term with the meaning of a portion or a set of verses of the Qur'an. This is evidenced by the appearance of the word surah in multiple locations in the Quran such as verse : "a sûrah which We have revealed and made ˹its rulings˺ obligatory, and revealed in it clear commandments so that you may be mindful."
Most Juz' are named after the first word of the first verse of the Juz'. [5] Each Juz' is divided into two Hizb (lit. "two groups", plural: Aḥzāb). Therefore, there are 60 Hizbs in the Quran. Each Hizb is subdivided into four quarters called Maqraʼ (lit. "reading"), making eight quarters per Juz'. There are 240 Maqraʼs in the Quran.
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Following are some of the stylistic and subject characteristics of Medinan Surahs: Mention of 'Jihad' and detailing on its rulings. [citation needed]Details of Islamic jurisprudence [4] and legal system [5] as well as laws governing family, money transaction, international law and acts of worship.
[10] [11] Surat Al-Fajr is a Meccan sura [12] and meccan suras are chronologically earlier suras that were revealed to Muhammad at Mecca before the hijrah to Medina in 622 CE. They are typically shorter, with relatively short ayat, and mostly come near the end of the Qur'an's 114 surahs. Most of the surahs containing muqatta'at are Meccan.