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Map of ancient Alexandria. Inheriting the trade of ruined Tyre and becoming the center of the new commerce between Europe and the Arabian and Indian East, the city grew in less than a generation to be larger than Carthage. In a century, Alexandria had become the largest city in the world, [6] and for some centuries more, was second only to Rome.
Alexandria (/ ˌ æ l ɪ ɡ ˈ z æ n d r i ə,-ˈ z ɑː n-/ AL-ig-ZA(H)N-dree-ə; [4] Arabic: الإسكندرية; [a] Ancient Greek: Ἀλεξάνδρεια, [b] Coptic: Ⲣⲁⲕⲟϯ - Rakoti or ⲁⲗⲉⲝⲁⲛⲇⲣⲓⲁ) is the second largest city in Egypt and the largest city on the Mediterranean coast.
The Heptastadion (Greek: Ὲπταστάδιον) was a giant causeway, often referred to as a mole [1] or a dyke built by the people of Alexandria, Egypt in the 3rd century BC during the Ptolemaic period. [2]
The Lighthouse of Alexandria, sometimes called the Pharos of Alexandria [a], was a lighthouse built by the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Ancient Egypt, during the reign of Ptolemy II Philadelphus (280–247 BC). [2] It has been estimated to have been at least 100 metres (330 ft) in overall height. [3]
Antirhodos (sometimes Antirrhodos or Anti Rhodes) was an island in the eastern harbor of Alexandria, Egypt, on which a Ptolemaic Egyptian palace was sited. The island was occupied until the reigns of Septimius Severus and Caracalla [1] and it probably sank in the 4th century, when it succumbed to earthquakes and a tsunami following an earthquake in the eastern Mediterranean near Crete in the ...
In 2019, a marble statue claimed to be of Alexander found by amateur Greek archaeologist Calliope Limneos-Papakosta in the Shallalat Gardens, which occupy the ancient royal quarter in Alexandria. [33] In 2021, Egyptian officials claimed they had found Alexander the Great's tomb in Siwa Oasis, an urban area near the Libyan border with Egypt. [34]
The idea of reviving the ancient Library of Alexandria in the modern era was first proposed in 1974, when Lotfy Dowidar was president of the University of Alexandria. [142] In May 1986, Egypt requested the executive board of UNESCO to allow the international organization to conduct a feasibility study for the project. [142]
The expulsion of the Jews from Alexandria, in 414 or 415 under the leadership of Saint Cyril. Around 100,000 Jews expelled—another Pogrom or "Alexandria Expulsion". [1] [2] 619 – City besieged; Sassanid Persians in power. 641–642 – City besieged; Arabs in power; [3] capital of Egypt relocates from Alexandria to Fustat.