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EPA HWFET driving cycle. The "highway" program or Highway Fuel Economy Driving Schedule (HWFET) is defined in 40 CFR 600.I. [10] It uses a warmed-up engine and makes no stops, averaging 48 mph (77 km/h) with a top speed of 60 mph (97 km/h) over a 10-mile (16 km) distance. The following are some characteristic parameters of the cycle:
Specifically, for driving at an average of 60 kilometres per hour (37 mph), approximately 33% of the energy goes into exhaust and 29% is used to cool the engine; engine friction takes another 11%. The remaining 21% is split between rolling friction of tires (11%), air drag (5%), and braking (5%). [ 6 ]
Notes: All estimated fuel economy based on 15,000 miles (24,000 km) annual driving, 45% highway and 55% city (1) Conversion 1 gallon of gasoline=33.7 kW·h. (2) The 2014 i3 REx is classified by EPA as a series plug-in hybrid, while for CARB is a range-extended battery-electric vehicle (BEVx). The i3 REx is the most fuel economic EPA-certified ...
A motorised bicycle allows human power and the assistance of a 49 cm 3 (3.0 cu in) engine, giving a range of 160 to 200 mpg ‑US (1.5–1.2 L/100 km; 190–240 mpg ‑imp). [ citation needed ] Electric pedal-assisted bikes run on as little as 1.0 kWh (3.6 MJ) per 100 km, [ 55 ] while maintaining speeds in excess of 30 km/h (19 mph).
A driving cycle is a series of data points representing the speed of a vehicle versus time.. Driving cycles are produced by different countries and organizations to assess the performance of vehicles in various ways, for example, fuel consumption, electric vehicle autonomy and polluting emissions.
Consumption map of a 1.5-litre three-cylinder diesel engine. A consumption map or efficiency map [1] is a chart that displays the brake-specific fuel consumption of an internal combustion engine at a given rotational speed and mean effective pressure, in grams per kilowatt-hour (g/kWh).
MapQuest offers online, mobile, business and developer solutions that help people discover and explore where they would like to go, how to get there and what to do along the way and at your destination.
When directions are needed routing can be calculated. On the fly traffic information (road closures, congestion) can be used to adjust the route. Dead reckoning using distance data from sensors attached to the drivetrain , an accelerometer , a gyroscope , and a magnetometer can be used for greater reliability, as GNSS signal loss and/or ...