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In chemistry, a reagent (/ r i ˈ eɪ dʒ ən t / ree-AY-jənt) or analytical reagent is a substance or compound added to a system to cause a chemical reaction, or test if one occurs. [1] The terms reactant and reagent are often used interchangeably, but reactant specifies a substance consumed in the course of a chemical reaction. [ 1 ]
Figure 2. Two examples of RAFT agents. Typically, a RAFT polymerization system consists of: a radical source (e.g. thermochemical initiator or the interaction of gamma radiation with some reagent) monomer; RAFT agent; solvent (not strictly required if the monomer is a liquid)
Example of a reduction–oxidation reaction between sodium and chlorine, with the OIL RIG mnemonic [1] Tetracyanoquinodimethane is an organic electron-acceptor. Electron acceptors participate in electron-transfer reactions. In this context, the oxidizing agent is called an electron acceptor and the reducing agent is called an electron donor.
An example of a simple chain reaction is the thermal decomposition of acetaldehyde (CH 3 CHO) to methane (CH 4) and carbon monoxide (CO). The experimental reaction order is 3/2, [4] which can be explained by a Rice-Herzfeld mechanism. [5] This reaction mechanism for acetaldehyde has 4 steps with rate equations for each step :
An agent's oxidation state describes its degree of loss of electrons, where the higher the oxidation state then the fewer electrons it has. So initially, prior to the reaction, a reducing agent is typically in one of its lower possible oxidation states; its oxidation state increases during the reaction while that of the oxidizer decreases.
For example, Friedel–Crafts acylation uses acetyl chloride (CH 3 COCl) as the agent and aluminum chloride (AlCl 3) as a catalyst to add an acetyl group to benzene: [2] Friedel-Crafts acylation of benzene by ethanoyl chloride. This reaction is an example of electrophilic aromatic substitution.
An example of organic reaction: oxidation of ketones to esters with a peroxycarboxylic acid Retrosynthetic analysis can be applied to design a complex synthesis reaction. Here the analysis starts from the products, for example by splitting selected chemical bonds, to arrive at plausible initial reagents.
As a reagent, SMEAH is comparable with lithium aluminium hydride (LAH, LiAlH 4). It is a safer alternative to LAH and related hydrides. SMEAH exhibits similar reducing effects, but does not have the inconvenient pyrophoric nature, short shelf-life, or limited solubility of LAH. Upon contact with air and moisture, SMEAH reacts exothermically but ...