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  2. Paleo-Hebrew alphabet - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleo-Hebrew_alphabet

    Phoenician 12th c. BCE. Pahlavi. The Paleo-Hebrew script (Hebrew: הכתב העברי הקדום), also Palaeo-Hebrew, Proto-Hebrew or Old Hebrew, is the writing system found in Canaanite and Aramaic inscriptions, including pre-Biblical and Biblical Hebrew, from southern Canaan, also known as the biblical kingdoms of Israel (Samaria) and Judah.

  3. Hebrew alphabet - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrew_alphabet

    A Hebrew variant of the Proto-Canaanite alphabet, called the paleo-Hebrew alphabet by scholars, began to emerge around 800 BCE. [13] An example is the Siloam inscription (c. 700 BCE). [14] The paleo-Hebrew alphabet was used in the ancient kingdoms of Israel and Judah.

  4. Ancient Hebrew writings - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Hebrew_writings

    Ancient Hebrew writings are texts written in Biblical Hebrew using the Paleo-Hebrew alphabet before the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE. The earliest known precursor to Hebrew, an inscription in the Paleo-Hebrew alphabet, is the Khirbet Qeiyafa Inscription (11th–10th century BCE), [1] if it can be considered Hebrew at that early a ...

  5. Aramaic alphabet - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aramaic_alphabet

    The modern Hebrew alphabet derives from the Aramaic alphabet, in contrast to the modern Samaritan alphabet, which derives from Paleo-Hebrew. The letters in the Aramaic alphabet all represent consonants, some of which are also used as matres lectionis to indicate long vowels.

  6. Phoenician alphabet - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenician_alphabet

    The Hebrew alphabet emerges in the Second Temple period, from around 300 BC, out of the Aramaic alphabet used in the Persian empire. There was, however, a revival of the Phoenician mode of writing later in the Second Temple period, with some instances from the Qumran Caves , such as the Paleo-Hebrew Leviticus scroll dated to the 2nd or 1st ...

  7. Ktav Ashuri - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ktav_Ashuri

    Ktav Ashuri (Hebrew: כְּתָב אַשּׁוּרִי‎, k'tav ashurí, lit. "Assyrian Writing") also (Ktav) Ashurit, is the traditional Hebrew language name of the Hebrew alphabet, used to write both Hebrew and Jewish Babylonian Aramaic. It is often referred to as (the) Square script. The names " Ashuri " (Assyrian) or " square script " are ...

  8. Ketef Hinnom scrolls - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ketef_Hinnom_scrolls

    The Ketef Hinnom scrolls, also described as Ketef Hinnom amulets, are the oldest surviving texts currently known from the Hebrew Bible, dated to c. 600 BCE. [2] The text, written in the Paleo-Hebrew script (not the Babylonian square letters of the modern Hebrew alphabet, more familiar to most modern readers), is from the Book of Numbers in the Hebrew Bible, and has been described as "one of ...

  9. Biblical Hebrew orthography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblical_Hebrew_orthography

    As a result, the 22 letters of the Paleo-Hebrew alphabet numbered less than the consonant phonemes of ancient Biblical Hebrew; in particular, the letters ח, ע, ש ‎ could each mark two different phonemes. [28] After a sound shift the letters ח ,ע ‎ became homophones, but (except in Samaritan Hebrew) ש ‎ remained multiphonic.